Resolução da Assembleia da República n.º 88/2013 — Aprova a Convenção entre a República Portuguesa e a República do Peru para Evitar a Dupla Tributação e Prevenir a…
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Aprova a Convenção entre a República Portuguesa e a República do Peru para Evitar a Dupla Tributação e Prevenir a Evasão Fiscal em Matéria de Impostos sobre o Rendimento, assinada em Lisboa, a 19 de novembro de 2012
4 - El término «intereses» empleado en el presente artículo significa las rentas o los rendimientos de créditos de cualquier naturaleza, con o sin garantías hipotecarias o cláusula de participación en los beneficios del deudor y, especialmente, los provenientes de fondos públicos y bonos u obligaciones, incluidas las primas y premios unidos a estos títulos, así como cualquier otra renta que se sujete al mismo tratamiento tributario aplicable a las rentas provenientes del préstamo de dinero según la legislación del Estado Contratante de donde procedan éstos. Las penalizaciones por mora en el pago no se consideran intereses a efectos del presente artículo. Las rentas tratadas en el artículo 10 no se consideran intereses para propósitos del Convenio.
5 - Las disposiciones de los párrafos 1 y 2 no son aplicables si el beneficiario efectivo de los intereses, residente de un Estado Contratante, realiza en el otro Estado Contratante, del que proceden los intereses, una actividad empresarial por medio de un establecimiento permanente situado allí, o presta servicios personales independientes por medio de una base fija situada allí, y si el crédito que generan los intereses está vinculado efectivamente a dicho establecimiento permanente o base fija. En tal caso, son aplicables las disposiciones del artículo 7 o del artículo 14, según proceda.
6 - Los intereses se consideran procedentes de un Estado Contratante cuando el deudor sea un residente de ese Estado. Sin embargo, cuando el deudor de los intereses, sea o no residente de un Estado Contratante, tenga en un Estado Contratante un establecimiento permanente o base fija en relación con el cual se haya contraído la deuda por la que se pagan los intereses, y éstos últimos son soportados por el citado establecimiento permanente o base fija, dichos intereses se considerarán procedentes del Estado Contratante en que esté situado el establecimiento permanente o la base fija.
7 - Cuando en razón de las relaciones especiales existentes entre el deudor y el beneficiario efectivo, o de las que uno y otro mantengan con terceros, el importe de los intereses exceda, por cualquier motivo del que hubieran convenido el deudor y el beneficiario efectivo en ausencia de tales relaciones, las disposiciones de este artículo no se aplicarán más que a este último importe. En tal caso, la cuantía en exceso podrá someterse a imposición de acuerdo con la legislación de cada Estado Contratante, teniendo en cuenta las demás disposiciones del presente Convenio.
Artículo 12
Regalías
1 - Las regalías procedentes de un Estado Contratante y pagadas a un residente del otro Estado Contratante pueden someterse a imposición en ese otro Estado.
2 - Sin embargo, estas regalías pueden también someterse a imposición en el Estado Contratante del que procedan y de acuerdo con la legislación de ese Estado, pero si el beneficiario efectivo es residente del otro Estado Contratante, el impuesto así exigido no excederá del:
10 por ciento del importe bruto de los pagos recibidos por la prestación de servicios de asistencia técnica en conexión con el uso, derecho de uso, derechos de autor, bienes o información al que aplica el párrafo 3 de este artículo;
15 por ciento del importe bruto de las regalías en los demás casos.
3 - El término «regalías» empleado en este artículo significa las cantidades de cualquier clase pagadas por el uso, o el derecho al uso de derechos de autor sobre obras literarias, artísticas, científicas u otras obras protegidas por los derechos de autor, incluidos los programas de instrucciones para computadoras, las películas cinematográficas o películas, cintas y otros medios de reproducción de imagen y sonido, las patentes, marcas, diseños o modelos, planos, fórmulas o procedimientos secretos, o propiedad intangible o por informaciones relativas a experiencias industriales, comerciales o científicas. El término «regalía» también comprende los pagos recibidos por la prestación de servicios de asistencia técnica en conexión con el uso, derecho de uso, derechos de autor, bienes o información al que aplica el párrafo 3 de este artículo.
4 - Las disposiciones de los párrafos 1 y 2 no son aplicables si el beneficiario efectivo de las regalías, residente de un Estado Contratante, realiza en el Estado Contratante del que proceden las regalías, una actividad empresarial por medio de un establecimiento permanente situado allí, o presta servicios personales independientes por medio de una base fija situada allí, y el bien o el derecho por el que se pagan las regalías están vinculados efectivamente a dicho establecimiento permanente o base fija. En tal caso son aplicables las disposiciones del artículo 7 o del artículo 14, según proceda.
5 - Las regalías se consideran procedentes de un Estado Contratante cuando el deudor es un residente de ese Estado. Sin embargo, cuando quien paga las regalías, sea o no residente de un Estado Contratante, tenga en un Estado Contratante un establecimiento permanente o una base fija en relación con el cual se haya contraído la obligación de pago de las regalías y dicho establecimiento permanente o base fija soporte la carga de las mismas, éstas se considerarán procedentes del Estado donde esté situado el establecimiento permanente o la base fija.
6 - Cuando por razón de las relaciones especiales existentes entre el deudor y el beneficiario efectivo, o por las que uno y otro mantengan con terceros, el importe de las regalías, exceda por cualquier motivo, del que habrían convenido el deudor y el beneficiario efectivo en ausencia de tales relaciones, las disposiciones de este artículo no se aplicarán más que a este último importe. En tal caso, la cuantía en exceso podrá someterse a imposición de acuerdo con la legislación de cada Estado Contratante, teniendo en cuenta las demás disposiciones del presente Convenio.
Artículo 13
Ganancias de capital
1 - Las ganancias que un residente de un Estado Contratante obtenga de la enajenación de bienes inmuebles, tal como se definen en el artículo 6, situados en el otro Estado Contratante, pueden someterse a imposición en ese otro Estado.
2 - Las ganancias derivadas de la enajenación de bienes muebles que formen parte del activo de un establecimiento permanente que una empresa de un Estado Contratante tenga en el otro Estado Contratante, o de bienes muebles que pertenezcan a una base fija que un residente de un Estado Contratante tenga en el otro Estado Contratante para la prestación de servicios personales independientes, incluyendo las ganancias derivadas de la enajenación de dicho establecimiento permanente (sólo o con el conjunto de la empresa) o de dicha base fija, pueden someterse a imposición en ese otro Estado.
3 - Las ganancias derivadas por una empresa de un Estado Contratante por la enajenación de buques o aeronaves explotados en tráfico internacional, o de bienes muebles afectos a la explotación de dichos buques o aeronaves, sólo pueden someterse a imposición en ese Estado.
4 - Las ganancias que un residente de un Estado Contratante obtenga por la enajenación de acciones, directa o indirecta, de acciones, intereses comparables, valores u otros derechos que representen el capital de una empresa que es residente en el otro Estado Contratante, podrán sujetarse a imposición en ese otro Estado Contratante donde el residente antes mencionado, siempre que el receptor de la ganancia, sólo o de forma conjunta con una persona vinculada, en cualquier momento durante el periodo de 12 meses anterior a dicha enajenación, haya tenido una participación de al menos 20 % en el capital de dicha sociedad.
5 - No obstante las disposiciones del párrafo 4, las ganancias obtenidas por un residente de un Estado Contratante por la enajenación de acciones o intereses comparables u otros valores cuyo valor derive en más de 50 por ciento directa o indirectamente de una propiedad inmueble situada en el otro Estado Contratante, podrá sujetarse a imposición en el otro Estado.
6 - Las ganancias derivadas de la enajenación de cualquier otro bien distinto de los mencionados en los párrafos anteriores, sólo pueden someterse a imposición sólo en el Estado Contratante en que resida quien enajena.
Artículo 14
Servicios personales independientes
1 - Las rentas obtenidas por un residente de un Estado Contratante por la prestación de servicios profesionales o el ejercicio de otras actividades de carácter independiente sólo podrán someterse a imposición en ese Estado, excepto en las siguientes circunstancias, en que esas rentas podrán ser gravadas también en el otro Estado Contratante:
Si dicho residente tiene en el otro Estado Contratante una base fija del que disponga regularmente para el desempeño de sus actividades; en tal caso, sólo podrá someterse a imposición la parte de las rentas que sea atribuible a dicha base fija; o
Si dicho residente permanezca en el otro Estado Contratante por un período o períodos que en total sumen o excedan 183 días, dentro de un período cualquiera de 12 meses; en tal caso, sólo podrá someterse a imposición la parte de las rentas obtenidas de las actividades desempeñadas por él en ese otro Estado.
2 - La expresión «servicios profesionales» comprende especialmente las actividades independientes de carácter científico, literario, artístico, educativo o pedagógico, así como las actividades independientes de médicos, abogados, ingenieros, arquitectos, odontólogos y contadores.
Artículo 15
Renta del trabajo dependiente
1 - Sin perjuicio de lo dispuesto en los artículos 16, 18 y 19, los sueldos, salarios y otras remuneraciones similares obtenidas por un residente de un Estado Contratante en razón de un empleo sólo pueden someterse a imposición en ese Estado, a no ser que el empleo se desarrolle en el otro Estado Contratante. Si el empleo se desarrolla de esa forma, las remuneraciones derivadas del mismo pueden someterse a imposición en ese otro Estado.
2 - No obstante lo dispuesto en el párrafo 1, las remuneraciones obtenidas por un residente de un Estado Contratante en razón de un empleo realizado en el otro Estado Contratante se gravarán exclusivamente en el primer Estado si:
el perceptor permanece en el otro Estado durante un período o períodos cuya duración no exceda, en conjunto de 183 días en cualquier período de doce meses que comience o termine en el año fiscal considerado, y
las remuneraciones son pagadas por, o en nombre de, un empleador que no sea residente del otro Estado; y
las remuneraciones no son soportadas por un establecimiento permanente que el empleador tenga en el otro Estado.
3 - No obstante las disposiciones precedentes de este artículo, las remuneraciones obtenidas de un empleo realizado a bordo de un buque o aeronave explotados en tráfico internacional, pueden someterse a imposición en ese Estado.
Artículo 16
Participaciones de consejeros
Las participaciones, dietas de asistencia y otras retribuciones similares que un residente de un Estado Contratante obtenga como miembro de un consejo de administración o de vigilancia de una sociedad residente del otro Estado Contratante pueden someterse a imposición en ese otro Estado.
Artículo 17
Artistas y deportistas
1 - No obstante lo dispuesto en los artículos 7, 14 y 15, las rentas que un residente de un Estado Contratante obtenga del ejercicio de sus actividades personales en el otro Estado Contratante en calidad de artista del espectáculo, tal como actor de teatro, cine, radio o televisión, o músico, o como deportista, pueden someterse a imposición en ese otro Estado. Las rentas a que se refiere el presente párrafo incluyen las rentas que dicho residente obtenga de cualquier actividad personal ejercida en el otro Estado Contratante relacionada con su renombre como artista del espectáculo o deportista.
2 - No obstante lo dispuesto en los artículos 7, 14 y 15, cuando las rentas derivadas de las actividades personales de los artistas del espectáculo o los deportistas, en esa calidad, se atribuyan no al propio artista del espectáculo o deportista sino a otra persona, dichas rentas pueden someterse a imposición en el Estado Contratante donde se realicen las actividades del artista del espectáculo o del deportista.
Artículo 18
Pensiones, anuidades y demás remuneraciones similares
Sin perjuicio de lo dispuesto en el párrafo 2 del artículo 19, las pensiones, anualidades y demás remuneraciones similares pagadas a un residente de un Estado Contratante por un empleo anterior sólo pueden someterse a imposición en ese Estado.
Artículo 19
Remuneraciones públicas
1 - Los sueldos, salarios y otras remuneraciones similares pagadas por un Estado Contratante o por una de sus subdivisiones políticas o administrativas o entidades locales a una persona física por razón de los servicios prestados a ese Estado o a esa subdivisión o entidad, sólo pueden someterse a imposición en ese Estado. Sin embargo, dichos sueldos, salarios y remuneraciones sólo pueden someterse a imposición en el otro Estado Contratante si los servicios se prestan en ese Estado y la persona física es un residente de ese Estado que:
es nacional de ese Estado; o
no ha adquirido la condición de residente de ese Estado solamente para prestar los servicios.
2 - No obstante lo dispuesto en el párrafo 1, cualquier pensión u otra remuneración similar pagada, o con cargo a fondos constituidos, por un Estado Contratante o subdivisión política o entidad local del mismo, a una persona física por los servicios prestados a ese Estado o a esa subdivisión o entidades, sólo pueden someterse a imposición en ese Estado. Sin embargo, dichas pensiones y otras remuneraciones similares sólo pueden someterse a imposición en el otro Estado Contratante si la persona física es residente y nacional de ese Estado.
3 - Las disposiciones de los artículos 15, 16, 17 y 18 se aplicarán a los sueldos, salarios, pensiones y otras remuneraciones similares por los servicios prestados en el marco de una actividad empresarial realizada por un Estado Contratante o por una de sus subdivisiones políticas o entidades locales.
Artículo 20
Estudiantes
Las cantidades que reciba para cubrir sus gastos de manutención, estudios o formación práctica un estudiante o una persona en prácticas que sea, o haya sido inmediatamente antes de llegar a un Estado Contratante, residente del otro Estado Contratante y que se encuentre en el Estado mencionado en primer lugar con el único fin de proseguir sus estudios o formación práctica, no pueden someterse a imposición en ese Estado siempre que procedan de fuentes situadas fuera de ese Estado.
Artículo 21
Otras rentas
1 - Los elementos de la renta de un residente de un Estado Contratante, sea cual fuere su origen, que no se traten en los artículos anteriores sólo serán gravables en ese Estado.
2 - Lo dispuesto en el párrafo 1 no se aplicará a las rentas, distintas de los ingresos procedentes de los bienes inmuebles, tal como se definen en el párrafo 2 del artículo 6, si el beneficiario de tales rentas es residente de un Estado Contratante, o realiza actividades comerciales en el otro Estado Contratante a través de un establecimiento permanente situado en él o presta en ese otro Estado servicios personales independientes desde una base fija situada en él y el derecho o propiedad por el que se pague la renta está vinculado efectivamente con ese establecimiento permanente o base fija. En tal caso se aplicarán las disposiciones del artículo 7 o del artículo 14, según corresponda.
3 - No obstante lo dispuesto en los párrafos 1 y 2, los elementos de la renta de un residente de un Estado Contratante, que no se traten en los artículos anteriores y tengan su origen en el otro Estado Contratante también pueden someterse a imposición en ese otro Estado.
CAPÍTULO IV — Métodos para eliminar la doble imposición
Artículo 22
Eliminación de la doble imposición
1 - En el caso de Portugal, la doble imposición será evitada de la siguiente manera:
Cuando un residente de Portugal obtenga rentas que, de acuerdo con las disposiciones de este Convenio, puedan ser sujetas a imposición en el Perú, Portugal permitirá la deducción en el impuesto sobre la renta de ese residente por un importe equivalente al impuesto pagado en el Perú. Sin embargo, esa deducción no excederá la parte del impuesto a la renta, calculado antes de la deducción, correspondiente a las rentas que puedan someterse a imposición en el Perú;
No obstante lo dispuesto en el subpárrafo a) del párrafo 1 de este artículo, cuando una sociedad residente de Portugal recibe dividendos de una sociedad residente de Perú y no esté exenta de impuesto peruano, Portugal permitirá la deducción de esos dividendos de la base imponible de la sociedad que los recibe, siempre que posea directamente al menos el 25 por ciento del capital de la sociedad que pago los dividendos y esa participación sea mantenida continuamente por los dos años anteriores a la fecha en la cual los dividendos son pagados o, si ha sido por un plazo menor, cuando continúen manteniendo la participación hasta los dos años en los cuales la condición sea satisfecha. Las disposiciones de este subpárrafo aplican sólo si las rentas distintas de los dividendos pagados:
hayan sido sujetos a un impuesto con una tasa mayor al 10 por ciento;
ii) no resulten de actividades que generen rentas pasivas, denominadas regalías, ganancias de capital y otras rentas derivadas de valores, rentas de propiedad inmueble no situada en el Estado Contratante en que la sociedad que paga los dividendos es residente, rentas provenientes de actividades de seguros principalmente derivada de seguros de propiedad que no esté situada en ese Estado Contratante o de personas que no sean residentes de ese Estado Contratante, y rentas derivadas de operaciones de bancos principalmente no directamente del mercado de ese Estado Contratante;
2 - En el caso del Perú la doble tributación se evitará de la manera siguiente:
los residentes de Perú podrán acreditar contra el Impuesto peruano, como crédito, el impuesto pagado en Portugal de acuerdo con la legislación de Portugal y de este Convenio. Dicho crédito no podrá, en ningún caso, exceder la parte del impuesto peruano que se pagaría en Perú por la renta que podrá ser sujeta a imposición por Portugal;
cuando una sociedad que es residente de Portugal pague un dividendos a una sociedad que es residente de Perú y ésta controle directa o indirectamente al menos el 10 por ciento del poder de voto en la sociedad, el crédito mencionado en el subpárrafo a) del párrafo 2 de este artículo deberá tomar en cuenta el impuesto pagado en Portugal por la sociedad respecto a las utilidades sobre las cuales tal dividendo es pagado, pero sólo hasta el límite en el que el impuesto peruano exceda el monto del crédito determinado sin considerar este subpárrafo.
3 - Cuando de conformidad con cualquier disposición de este Convenio las rentas obtenidas por un residente de un Estado Contratante estén exentas de imposición en ese Estado, dicho Estado podrá, sin embargo, tener en cuenta las rentas exentas a efectos de calcular el importe del impuesto sobre el resto de las rentas de dicho residente.
CAPÍTULO V — Disposiciones especiales
Artículo 23
No discriminación
1 - Los nacionales de un Estado Contratante no serán sometidos en el otro Estado Contratante a ningún impuesto u obligación relativa al mismo que no se exijan o que sean más gravosos que aquéllos a los que estén o puedan estar sometidos los nacionales de ese otro Estado que se encuentren en las mismas condiciones, en particular con respecto a la residencia. No obstante las disposiciones del artículo 1, la presente disposición es también aplicable a las personas que no sean residentes de uno o de ninguno de los Estados Contratantes.
2 - Los establecimientos permanentes que una empresa de un Estado Contratante tenga en el otro Estado Contratante no serán sometidos en ese Estado a una imposición menos favorable que las empresas de ese otro Estado que realicen las mismas actividades. Esta disposición no podrá interpretarse en el sentido de obligar a un Estado Contratante a conceder a los residentes del otro Estado Contratante las deducciones personales, desgravaciones y reducciones impositivas que otorgue a sus propios residentes en consideración a su estado civil o cargas familiares.
3 - A menos que se apliquen las disposiciones del párrafo 1 del artículo 9, del párrafo 7 del artículo 11 o del párrafo 6 del artículo 12, los intereses, las regalías y demás gastos pagados por una empresa de un Estado Contratante a un residente del otro Estado Contratante son deducibles, para determinar las utilidades sujetas a imposición de dicha empresa, en las mismas condiciones que si hubieran sido pagados a un residente del Estado mencionado en primer lugar.
4 - Las empresas de un Estado Contratante cuyo capital esté, total o parcialmente, poseído o controlado, directa o indirectamente, por uno o varios residentes del otro Estado Contratante, no se someterán en el Estado mencionado en primer lugar a ningún impuesto u obligación relativa al mismo que no se exija o que sea más gravoso que aquellos a los que estén o puedan estar sometidas otras empresas similares del Estado mencionado en primer lugar.
5 - Las disposiciones del artículo son aplicables a los impuestos comprendidos por este Convenio.
Artículo 24
Procedimiento amistoso
1 - Cuando una persona considere que las medidas adoptadas por uno o por ambos Estados Contratantes implican o pueden implicar para ella una imposición que no esté conforme con las disposiciones de este Convenio podrá, con independencia de los recursos previstos por el derecho interno de esos Estados, someter su caso a la autoridad competente del Estado Contratante del que sea residente o, si fuera aplicable el párrafo 1 del artículo 23, a la del Estado Contratante del que sea nacional. El caso deberá presentarse dentro de los tres años siguientes a la primera notificación de la medida que implique una imposición no conforme con las disposiciones de este Convenio.
2 - La autoridad competente, si la reclamación le parece fundada y si no puede por sí misma encontrar una solución satisfactoria, hará lo posible por resolver la cuestión mediante un procedimiento de acuerdo mutuo con la autoridad competente del otro Estado Contratante, a fin de evitar una imposición que no se ajuste a este Convenio. El acuerdo será aplicable independientemente de los plazos previstos por el derecho interno de los Estados Contratantes.
3 - Las autoridades competentes de los Estados Contratantes harán lo posible por resolver cualquier dificultad o duda que plantee la interpretación o aplicación del Convenio mediante un procedimiento de acuerdo mutuo.
4 - Las autoridades competentes de los Estados Contratantes podrán comunicarse directamente a fin de llegar a un acuerdo en el sentido de los párrafos anteriores.
Artículo 25
Intercambio de información
1 - Las autoridades competentes de los Estados Contratantes intercambiarán la información previsiblemente pertinente para aplicar lo dispuesto en el presente Convenio o para administrar y exigir lo dispuesto en la legislación nacional de los Estados Contratantes relativa a los impuestos de toda clase y naturaleza percibidos por los Estados Contratantes, sus subdivisiones políticas o administrativas o entidades locales, en la medida en que la imposición prevista en el mismo no sea contraria al Convenio. El intercambio de información no vendrá limitado por los artículos 1 y 2.
2 - Cualquier información recibida por un Estado Contratante en virtud del párrafo 1 será mantenida en secreto de la misma forma que la información obtenida en virtud del derecho interno de ese Estado y sólo se comunicará a las personas o autoridades (incluidos los tribunales y órganos administrativos) encargadas de la liquidación o recaudación de los impuestos a que hace referencia el párrafo 1, de su aplicación efectiva, de la persecución de su incumplimiento o de la resolución de los recursos en relación a los mismos, o de supervisión de las funciones anteriores. Dichas personas o autoridades sólo utilizarán la información para esos fines. Podrán develar la información en las audiencias públicas de los tribunales o en las sentencias judiciales.
3 - En ningún caso las disposiciones del párrafo 1 y 2 se podrán interpretar en el sentido de obligar a un Estado Contratante a:
adoptar medidas administrativas contrarias a su legislación o práctica administrativa, o a las del otro Estado Contratante;
suministrar información que no se pueda obtener sobre la base de su propia legislación o en el ejercicio de su práctica administrativa normal, o de las del otro Estado Contratante;
suministrar información que pueda revelar cualquier secreto mercantil, empresarial, industrial, comercial o profesional, procedimientos comerciales o información cuya comunicación sea contraria al orden público.
4 - Si un Estado Contratante solicita información conforme al presente artículo, el otro Estado Contratante utilizará las medidas para recabar información de que disponga, con el fin de obtener la información solicitada, aún cuando ese otro Estado pueda no necesitar dicha información para sus propios fines tributarios. La obligación precedente está limitada por lo dispuesto en el párrafo 3, siempre y cuando ese párrafo no sea interpretado para permitir que un Estado Contratante se niegue a proporcionar información exclusivamente por la ausencia de interés nacional en la misma.
5 - En ningún caso las disposiciones del párrafo 3 se interpretarán en el sentido de permitir a un Estado Contratante a negarse a proporcionar información únicamente porque ésta obre en poder de bancos, otras instituciones financieras o de cualquier persona que actúe en calidad representativa o fiduciaria o porque esa información haga referencia a la participación en la titularidad de una persona.
Artículo 26
Miembros de misiones diplomáticas y de oficinas consulares
Las disposiciones del presente Convenio no afectarán a los privilegios fiscales de que disfruten los miembros de las misiones diplomáticas o de las oficinas consulares de acuerdo con los principios generales del derecho internacional o en virtud de las disposiciones de acuerdos especiales.
CAPÍTULO VI — Disposiciones finales
Artículo 27
Entrada en vigor
1 - El presente Convenio entrará en vigor luego de los treinta días de la fecha en que se reciba la última notificación, por escrito y por vía diplomática, dando la conclusión de los procedimientos internos de cada Estado Contratante requerido para ese propósito.
2 - Las disposiciones de este Convenio tendrán efecto:
En el caso de Portugal:
respecto de los impuestos de retención en la fuente, cuyo hecho generador se produzca a partir del primer día de enero del año calendario siguiente al que el Convenio entre en vigor; y
ii) respecto de los demás impuestos, sobre las rentas generadas en cualquier año calendario que comience a partir del año tributario que comience a partir del primer día de enero del año calendario siguiente al que el Convenio entre en vigor;
en el caso del Perú, respecto de los impuestos peruanos y a las cantidades que se paguen, acrediten, o se contabilicen como gasto, a partir del primer día del enero del año calendario inmediatamente siguiente a aquel en que el Convenio entre en vigor.
Artículo 28
Duración y término
El presente Convenio permanecerá en vigor hasta que sea terminado por un Estado Contratante. Seguido el plazo de expiración de cinco años, cualquiera de los Estados Contratantes puede terminar el Convenio, vía diplomática, comunicándolo al menos seis meses de antelación al término de un año calendario. En dicho caso, el término del Convenio tendrá efecto:
en el caso de Portugal:
Con respecto de los impuestos de retención en la fuente, cuyo hecho generador se produzca a partir del primer día de enero del año calendario inmediatamente siguiente a aquel señalado en el mencionado aviso de término;
ii) Con respecto de los demás impuestos, sobre las rentas generadas en el año tributario que comience a partir del primer día del mes de enero del año calendario inmediatamente siguiente a aquel señalado en el mencionado aviso de término;
en el caso de Perú, con respecto de los impuestos peruanos, a partir del primer día de enero del año calendario inmediatamente siguiente a aquel en que el Convenio es denunciado.
En fe de lo cual, los signatarios, debidamente autorizados al efecto, han firmado este Convenio.
Hecho en duplicado en Lisboa el 19 día de Noviembre de 2012, en idioma español, portugués e inglés, siendo todos los textos igualmente auténticos. En caso de cualquier divergencia en la interpretación, el texto en inglés prevalecerá.
Por la República Portuguesa:
Paulo de Faria Lince Núncio, Secretario de Estado de Asuntos Fiscales.
Por la República del Perú:
Rafael Roncagliolo Orbegoso, Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores.
PROTOCOLO DEL CONVENIO ENTRE LA REPÚBLICA PORTUGUESA Y LA REPÚBLICA DEL PERÚ PARA EVITAR LA DOBLE IMPOSICIÓN Y PREVENIR LA EVASIÓN FISCAL EN RELACIÓN CON LOS IMPUESTOS A LA RENTA.
Al momento de la firma del Convenio entre la República Portuguesa y la República del Perú para evitar la doble tributación y prevenir la evasión fiscal en relación con los impuestos sobre la renta (en adelante «el Convenio»), los signatarios han acordado las siguientes disposiciones que forman parte integral del Convenio.
1 - Modo de aplicación del Convenio:
Los Estados Contratantes establecerán el modo de aplicación del Convenio.
2 - Con referencia al artículo 3, párrafo 1, subpárrafo d):
En el caso del Perú, el término «persona» incluye a las sucesiones indivisas, así como a las sociedades conyugales, los que deberán ser tratados como personas físicas para fines del Convenio.
3 - Con referencia al artículo 5, párrafo 3:
Para efectos del computo del periodo o periodos referido en el párrafo 3 del artículo 5 del Convenio, se acuerda que la duración de las actividades llevadas a cabo por una empresa deberán incluir las actividades llevadas a cabo por las empresas vinculadas, de acuerdo al significado del artículo 9 del Convenio, si las actividades de la empresa asociada son idénticas o sustancialmente similares y son llevadas a cabo en conexión con la misma obra o proyecto.
4 - Con referencia al artículo 10, párrafo 3:
En el caso de Portugal, el término «dividendo» deberá incluir también las rentas atribuidas por un acuerdo de asociación en participación («associação em participação»).
5 - Con respecto al párrafo 2 de los artículos 11 y 12:
Si el Perú, bajo algún convenio con otro Estado miembro de la OCDE o miembro de la Unión Europea luego de la entrada en vigencia de este Convenio, acuerde una tasa por intereses o regalías que sea menor a la prevista en este Convenio, dicha menor tasa será, para propósitos de este Convenio y bajo los términos previstos para ese convenio con dicho Estado, automáticamente aplicable con respecto del párrafo 2 de los artículos 11 y 12 del Convenio. En ningún caso dicha tasa será menor a 5 por ciento. Para efectos de esta disposición, se entiende que Perú ha concluido un convenio con un Estado miembro de la OCDE o de la Unión Europea cuando el referido convenio haya entrado en vigor. Perú deberá enviar a Portugal por vía diplomática sin demora la notificación de la entrada en vigor de dicho convenio.
6 - Con respecto del artículo 12, párrafo 3:
Se acuerda que los pagos en relación a programas de instrucción de computadoras (software) calificarán dentro de la definición de «regalías» cuando no menos que todos los derechos del software son transferidos, bien los pagos sean contraprestación por el derecho de uso de los derechos sobre el software para su explotación comercial (salvo los pagos por los derechos de distribución de copias estándares, que no comprometan de adaptación ni reproducción de los mismos) o relacionados a la adquisición del software para el uso empresarial del comprador, cuando, en este último caso, el software no es el lo absoluto estandarizado pero en parte adaptado para el comprador.
7 - Con referencia al artículo 13, párrafo 4:
Se acuerda que el término «enajenación indirecta», para propósitos del párrafo 4 del artículo 13 del Convenio, significa la enajenación efectuada por un residente de un Estado Contratante de acciones, intereses similares, valores u otros derechos que representen el capital de una sociedad que sea propietaria, directa o a través de otra entidad o entidades legales, de acciones, intereses similares, valores u otros derechos que representen el capital de una sociedad residente de un Estado Contratante.
8 - Con referencia al artículo 18:
Se acuerda que, no obstante las disposiciones del artículo 18 del Convenio, las pensiones, anualidades y otras remuneraciones similares pagadas a un residente de un Estado Contratante pueden también someterse a imposición en el Estado Contratante del que deriven, en la medida en que no estén sometidas a imposición en el Estado Contratante mencionado en primer lugar.
9 - Con referencia al artículo 25, párrafo 5:
En la aplicación del párrafo 5 del artículo 25, los Estados Contratantes deberán seguir el marco constitucional y legal en los procedimientos necesarios para obtener la información requerida.
10 - Con referencia al artículo 26, párrafo 2:
Se acuerda que la información recibida por un Estado Contratante puede ser usada para otro propósito cuando dicha información pueda a su vez ser usada para otro propósito bajo las leyes de ambos Estados y la autoridad competente que provea la información así lo autorice.
11 - Con referencia al Convenio:
Se entiende que las disposiciones del Convenio no serán interpretadas de tal forma que prevengan la aplicación de reglas Antiabuso contempladas en la legislación interna de los Estados Contratantes;
Se entiende que los beneficios establecidos en este Convenio no serán aplicables a residentes de los Estados Contratantes que no sean los beneficiarios efectivos de las rentas derivadas del otro Estado Contratante;
Se entiende que las disposiciones del Convenio no serán aplicables si el propósito principal o uno de los propósitos principales de una persona es la creación o cesión de un derecho de propiedad para la obtención de una renta derivada de la ventaja creada por la referida cesión;
Nada de lo establecido en este Convenio afectará la aplicación de lo dispuesto en los Decretos Legislativos peruanos n.os 662, 757 y 109 ni en las Leyes n.os 26221, 27342, 27343 y 27909 tal como se encuentren vigentes a la fecha de suscripción de este Convenio y como se puedan modificar a futuro sin alterar su principio general ni el carácter optativo de los contratos de estabilidad tributaria. Una persona que sea parte de un contrato de estabilidad tributaria al amparo de las normas citadas anteriormente, quedará sujeto, no obstante las tasas establecidas en el presente Convenio, a las tasas estabilizadas por dicho contrato mientras esté vigente;
No obstante cualquier otro acuerdo internacional (incluido el Acuerdo General sobre el Comercio de Servicios), las disputas entre los Estados Contratantes, concernientes a un impuesto al que se aplica el Convenio estará solamente sujetará únicamente a las disposiciones de este Convenio.
En fe de lo cual, los signatarios, debidamente autorizados al efecto, han firmado este Convenio.
Hecho en duplicado en Lisboa el 19 día de Noviembre de 2012, en idioma español, portugués e inglés, siendo todos los textos igualmente auténticos. En caso de cualquier divergencia en la interpretación, el texto en inglés prevalecerá.
Por la República Portuguesa:
Paulo de Faria Lince Núncio, Secretario de Estado de Asuntos Fiscales.
Por la República del Perú:
Rafael Roncagliolo Orbegoso, (Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores.
CONVENTION BETWEEN THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC AND THE REPUBLIC OF PERU FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME.
The Portuguese Republic and the Republic of Peru, desiring to conclude a Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, in order to promote and strengthen the economic relations between the two countries, have agreed as follows:
CHAPTER I
Scope of the Convention
Article 1
Persons covered
This Convention shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States.
Article 2
Taxes covered
1 - This Convention shall apply to taxes on income imposed on behalf of a Contracting State and, in the case of Portugal, on behalf of its political or administrative subdivisions or local authorities as well, irrespective of the manner in which they are levied.
2 - There shall be regarded as taxes on income all taxes imposed on total income, or on elements of income, including taxes on gains from the alienation of movable or immovable property, taxes on the total amounts of wages or salaries paid by enterprises, as well as taxes on capital appreciation.
3 - The existing taxes to which this Convention shall apply are in particular:
in the case of Portugal:
the personal income tax (imposto sobre o rendimento das pessoas singulares - IRS);
ii) the corporate income tax (imposto sobre o rendimento das pessoas colectivas - IRC); and
iii) the surtaxes on corporate income (derramas);
(hereinafter referred to as «portuguese tax»);
in the case of Peru, the income taxes imposed under the Income Tax Act (Ley del Impuesto a la Renta);
(hereinafter referred to as «peruvian tax»).
4 - The Convention shall apply also to any identical or substantially similar taxes that are imposed after the date of signature of the Convention in addition to, or in place of, the existing taxes. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall notify each other of any significant changes that have been made in their taxation laws.
CHAPTER II
Definitions
Article 3
General definitions
1 - For the purposes of this Convention, unless the context otherwise requires:
the term «Portugal» when used in a geographical sense comprises the territory of the Portuguese Republic in accordance with the international law and the portuguese legislation;
the term «Peru», for purposes of determining the geographical scope of application of this Convention, means the continental territory, the islands, the maritime zones and the air space that covers them, under sovereignty or sovereign rights and jurisdiction of Peru, in accordance with its domestic law and international law;
the terms «a Contracting State» and «the other Contracting State» mean Portugal or Peru as the context requires;
the term «person» includes an individual, a company and any other body of persons;
the term «company» means any body corporate or any entity that is treated as a body corporate for tax purposes;
the terms «enterprise of a Contracting State» and «enterprise of the other Contracting State» mean respectively an enterprise carried on by a resident of a Contracting State and an enterprise carried on by a resident of the other Contracting State;
the term «international traffic» means any transport by a ship or aircraft operated by an enterprise of a Contracting State, except when the ship or aircraft is operated solely between places in the other Contracting State;
the term «competent authority» means:
in the case of Portugal: the Minister of Finance, the Director General of the Tax and Customs Authority or their authorised representative;
ii) in the case of Peru: the Minister of Economy and Finance or his authorized representative;
the term «national» means:
any individual possessing the nationality of a Contracting State; and
ii) any legal person, partnership or association deriving its status as such from the laws in force in a Contracting State.
2 - As regards the application of the Convention at any time by a Contracting State, any term not defined therein shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning that it has at that time under the law of that State for the purposes of the taxes to which the Convention applies, any meaning under the applicable tax laws of that State prevailing over a meaning given to the term under other laws of that State.
Article 4
Resident
1 - For the purposes of this Convention, the term «resident of a Contracting State» means any person who, under the laws of that State, is liable to tax therein by reason of his domicile, residence, place of management, place of incorporation or any other criterion of a similar nature, and also includes that State and any political or administrative subdivision or local authority thereof. This term, however, does not include any person who is liable to tax in that State in respect only of income from sources situated in that State.
2 - Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then his status shall be determined as follows:
he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which he has a permanent home available to him; if he has a permanent home available to him in both States, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State with which his personal and economic relations are closer (centre of vital interests);
if the State in which he has his centre of vital interests cannot be determined, or if he has not a permanent home available to him in either State, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State in which he has an habitual abode;
if he has an habitual abode in both States or in neither of them, he shall be deemed to be a resident only of the State of which he is a national;
if he is a national of both States or of neither of them, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement.
3 - Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 a person other than an individual is a resident of both Contracting States, the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to determine by mutual agreement the Contracting State of which such person shall be deemed to be a resident for the purposes of the Convention, having regard to its place of effective management, the place where it is incorporated or otherwise constituted and any other relevant factors. In the absence of such agreement, such person shall not be entitled to any relief or exemption from tax provided by this Convention, except for articles 24 and 25.
Article 5
Permanent establishment
1 - For the purposes of this Convention, the term «permanent establishment» means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is wholly or partly carried on.
2 - The term «permanent establishment» includes especially:
a place of management;
a branch;
an office;
a factory;
a workshop; and
a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place relating to the exploration for or the exploitation of natural resources.
3 - The term «permanent establishment» shall also include:
a building site, a construction, assembly or installation project or supervisory activities in connection therewith, but only if such site, project or activities last more than 183 days within any twelve month period;
the furnishing of services, including consulting services, by an enterprise of a Contracting State through employees or other individuals engaged by the enterprise for such purposes in the other Contracting State, but only where such activities continue (for the same or a connected project) within that State for a period or periods aggregating more than 183 days within any twelve month period.
4 - Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this article, the term "permanent establishment" shall be deemed not to include:
the use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise;
the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery;
the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise;
the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of purchasing goods or merchandise or of collecting information, for the enterprise;
the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of carrying on, for the enterprise, any other activity of a preparatory or auxiliary character;
the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for any combination of activities mentioned in subparagraphs a) to e), provided that the overall activity of the fixed place of business resulting from this combination is of a preparatory or auxiliary character.
5 - Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, where a person - other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 6 applies - is acting on behalf of an enterprise and has, and habitually exercises, in a Contracting State an authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enterprise, that enterprise shall be deemed to have a permanent establishment in that State in respect of any activities which that person undertakes for the enterprise, unless the activities of such person are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 4 which, if exercised through a fixed place of business, would not make this fixed place of business a permanent establishment under the provisions of that paragraph.
6 - Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this article, an insurance enterprise of a Contracting State shall, except in regard to re-insurance, be deemed to have a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State if it collects premiums in the territory of that other State or insures risks situated therein through a person other than an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 7 applies.
7 - An enterprise shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in a Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that State through a broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status, provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business. However, when the activities of such an agent are devoted wholly or almost wholly on behalf of that enterprise, and conditions are made or imposed between that enterprise and the agent in their commercial and financial relations which differ from those which would have been made between independent enterprises, he will not be considered an agent of an independent status within the meaning of this paragraph.
8 - The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, or which carries on business in that other State (whether through a permanent establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent establishment of the other.
CHAPTER III
Taxation of income
Article 6
Income from immovable property
1 - Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from immovable property (including income from agriculture or forestry) situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 - The term «immovable property» shall have the meaning which it has under the law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated. The term shall in any case include property accessory to immovable property, livestock and equipment used in agriculture and forestry, rights to which the provisions of general law respecting landed property apply, usufruct of immovable property and rights to variable or fixed payments as consideration for the working of, or the right to work, mineral deposits, sources and other natural resources; ships, boats and aircraft shall not be regarded as immovable property.
3 - The provisions of paragraph 1 shall apply to income derived from the direct use, letting, or use in any other form of immovable property.
4 - The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply to the income from immovable property of an enterprise and to income from immovable property used for the performance of independent personal services.
5 - The foregoing provisions shall also apply to income from movable property or income derived from services, which are connected with the use or the right to use the immovable property, either of which, under the taxation law of the Contracting State in which the property is situated, is assimilated to income from immovable property.
Article 7
Business profits
1 - The profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on business as aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise may be taxed in the other State but only so much of them as is attributable to that permanent establishment.
2 - Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, where an enterprise of a Contracting State carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, there shall in each Contracting State be attributed to that permanent establishment the profits which it might be expected to make if it were a distinct and separate enterprise engaged in the same or similar activities under the same or similar conditions and dealing wholly independently with the enterprise of which it is a permanent establishment.
3 - In determining the profits of a permanent establishment, there shall be allowed as deductions expenses which are incurred for the purposes of the business of the permanent establishment, including executive and general administrative expenses so incurred, whether in the State in which the permanent establishment is situated or elsewhere.
4 - No profits shall be attributed to a permanent establishment by reason of the mere purchase by that permanent establishment of goods or merchandise for the enterprise.
5 - For the purposes of the preceding paragraphs, the profits to be attributed to the permanent establishment shall be determined by the same method year by year unless there is good and sufficient reason to the contrary.
6 - Where profits include items of income which are dealt with separately in other articles of this Convention, then the provisions of those articles shall not be affected by the provisions of this article.
Article 8
Shipping and air transport
1 - Profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State from the operation of ships or aircraft in international traffic shall be taxable only in that State.
2 - The provisions of paragraph 1 shall also apply to profits from the participation in a pool, a joint business, an international operating agency, a consortium or a similar form of association, but only to so much of the profits so derived as is attributable to the participant in proportion to its share in the joint operation.
Article 9
Associated enterprises
1 - Where:
an enterprise of a Contracting State participates directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of the other Contracting State, or
the same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management, control or capital of an enterprise of a Contracting State and an enterprise of the other Contracting State;
and in either case conditions are made or imposed between the two enterprises in their commercial or financial relations which differ from those which would be made between independent enterprises, then any profits which would, but for those conditions, have accrued to one of the enterprises, but, by reason of those conditions, have not so accrued, may be included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed accordingly.
2 - Where a Contracting State includes in the profits of an enterprise of that State - and taxes accordingly - profits on which an enterprise of the other Contracting State has been charged to tax in that other State and the profits so included are profits which would have accrued to the enterprise of the first-mentioned State if the conditions made between the two enterprises had been those which would have been made between independent enterprises, then that other State, if it agrees that the adjustment made by the first-mentioned State is justified both in principle and as regards the amount, shall make an appropriate adjustment to the amount of the tax charged therein on those profits in accordance with the taxation laws of that other State. In determining such adjustment, due regard shall be had to the other provisions of this Convention and the competent authorities of the Contracting States shall if necessary consult each other.
3 - The provision of paragraph 2 shall not apply in case of fraud, wilful default or neglect.
Article 10
Dividends
1 - Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 - However, such dividends may also be taxed in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the dividends is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed:
10 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends if the beneficial owner is a company (other than a partnership) that either:
holds directly at least 10 per cent of the capital of the company paying the dividends where such company is a resident of Portugal; or
ii) controls directly at least 10 per cent of the voting power in the company paying the dividends where such company is a resident of Peru;
15 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends in all other cases.
This paragraph shall not affect the taxation of the company in respect of the profits out of which the dividends are paid.
3 - The term «dividends» as used in this article means income from shares or other rights, not being debt-claims, participating in profits, as well as income from other corporate rights which is subjected to the same taxation treatment as income from shares by the laws of the State of which the company making the distribution is a resident.
4 - The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of article 7 or article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
5 - Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State derives profits or income from the other Contracting State, that other State may not impose any tax on the dividends paid by the company, except insofar as such dividends are paid to a resident of that other State or insofar as the holding in respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment or a fixed base situated in that other State, nor subject the company's undistributed profits to a tax on the company's undistributed profits, even if the dividends paid or the undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of profits or income arising in such other State.
6 - Where a company of a Contracting State has a permanent establishment in the other Contracting State, the profits of the permanent establishment attributable to such company may be subject in that Contracting State to a tax other than the tax on the profits of the permanent establishment in that other Contracting State and in accordance with the law of that other State. However, this tax other than the tax on the profits shall not exceed the limit provided for in subparagraph a) of paragraph 2 of this article.
Article 11
Interest
1 - Interest arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 - However, such interest may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which it arises and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the interest is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed:
10 per cent of the gross amount of the interest on any loan granted by a bank;
15 per cent of the gross amount of the interest in all other cases.
3 - Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2, interest arising in a Contracting State shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the interest is paid by the State in which the interest arises or by a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof, or its Central Bank, or beneficially owned by the other Contracting State, a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof, or to its Central Bank.
4 - The term «interest» as used in this article means income from debt-claims of every kind, whether or not secured by mortgage and whether or not carrying a right to participate in the debtor's profits, and in particular, income from government securities and income from bonds or debentures, including premiums and prizes attaching to such securities, bonds or debentures as well as other income which is subjected to the same taxation treatment as income from money lent by the laws of the Contracting State in which the income arises. Penalty charges for late payment shall not be regarded as interest for the purpose of this article. Income dealt with in article 10 shall not be regarded as interest for the purposes of this Convention.
5 - The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the interest, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the interest arises through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the debt-claim in respect of which the interest is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of article 7 or article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
6 - Interest shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the interest, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a fixed base in connection with which the indebtedness on which the interest is paid was incurred, and such interest is borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such interest shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.
7 - Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the interest exceeds, for whatever reason, the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention.
Article 12
Royalties
1 - Royalties arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 - However, such royalties may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which they arise and according to the laws of that State, but if the beneficial owner of the royalties is a resident of the other Contracting State, the tax so charged shall not exceed:
10 per cent of the gross amount of the payments received as consideration for the furnishing of technical assistance in connection with the use of, or the right to use, any copyright, goods or information to which paragraph 3 of this article applies;
15 per cent of the gross amount of the royalties in all other cases.
3 - The term «royalties» as used in this article means payments of any kind received as a consideration for the use of, or the right to use, any copyright of literary, artistic, scientific or other work, including computer software, cinematograph films and other means of video or audio reproduction, any patent, trade mark, design or model, plan, secret formula or process or other property intangible, or for information concerning industrial, commercial or scientific experience. The term «royalties» also comprises payments received as a consideration for the furnishing of technical assistance in connection with the use of, or the right to use, any copyright, goods or information to which this paragraph applies.
4 - The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the royalties, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State in which the royalties arise through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the royalties are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of article 7 or article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
5 - Royalties shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is a resident of that State. Where, however, the person paying the royalties, whether he is a resident of a Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or fixed base in connection with which the obligation to pay the royalties was incurred, and such royalties are borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then such royalties shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent establishment or fixed base is situated.
6 - Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the royalties exceeds, for whatever reason, the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this article shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the other provisions of this Convention.
Article 13
Capital gains
1 - Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of immovable property referred to in article 6 and situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 - Gains from the alienation of movable property forming part of the business property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State or of movable property pertaining to a fixed base available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing independent personal services, including such gains from the alienation of such a permanent establishment (alone or with the whole enterprise) or of such fixed base, may be taxed in that other State.
3 - Gains derived by an enterprise of a Contracting State from the alienation of ships or aircraft operated in international traffic or movable property pertaining to the operation of such ships or aircraft shall be taxable only in that State.
4 - Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the direct or indirect alienation of shares, comparable interests, securities or other rights representing the capital of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other Contracting State where the resident of the first mentioned State, at any time within the twelve month period preceding such alienation, alone or together with any person who is related to that resident, had a participation of at least 20 per cent in the capital of that company.
5 - Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 4, gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of shares or comparable interest or other securities deriving more than 50 percent of their value directly or indirectly from immovable property situated in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
6 - Gains from the alienation of any property other than that referred to in the preceding paragraphs of this article shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the alienator is a resident.
Article 14
Independent personal services
1 - Income derived by an individual who is a resident of a Contracting State in respect of professional services or other activities of an independent character shall be taxable only in that State except in the following circumstances, when such income may also be taxed in the other Contracting State:
If he has a fixed base regularly available to him in the other Contracting State for the purpose of performing his activities; in that case, only so much of the income as is attributable to that fixed base may be taxed in that other Contracting State; or
If his stay in the other Contracting State is for a period or periods amounting to or exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in any twelve-month period commencing or ending in the fiscal year concerned; in that case, only so much of the income as is derived from his activities performed in that other State may be taxed in that other State.
2 - The term «professional services» includes especially independent scientific, literary, artistic, educational or teaching activities as well as the independent activities of physicians, lawyers, engineers, architects, dentists and accountants.
Article 15
Dependent personal services
1 - Subject to the provisions of articles 16, 18 and 19, salaries, wages and other similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment shall be taxable only in that State unless the employment is exercised in the other Contracting State. If the employment is so exercised, such remuneration as is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other State.
2 - Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised in the other Contracting State shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State if:
the recipient is present in the other State for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in any twelve month period commencing or ending in the fiscal year concerned; and
the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a resident of the other State; and
the remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment or a fixed base which the employer has in the other State.
3 - Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this article, remuneration derived in respect of an employment exercised aboard a ship or aircraft operated in international traffic by an enterprise of a Contracting State may be taxed in that Contracting State.
Article 16
Directors' fees
Directors' fees and other similar payments derived by a resident of a Contracting State in his capacity as a member of the board of directors or supervisory board or of another similar organ of a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
Article 17
Entertainers and sportsmen
1 - Notwithstanding the provisions of articles 7, 14 and 15, income derived by a resident of a Contracting State as an entertainer, such as a theatre, motion picture, radio or television entertainer, or a musician, or as a sportsman, from his personal activities as such exercised in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other State. Income derived by an entertainer or a sportsman who is a resident of a Contracting State from his personal activities relating to his reputation as an entertainer or sportsman exercised in the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.
2 - Where income in respect of personal activities exercised by an entertainer or a sportsman in his capacity as such accrues not to the entertainer or sportsman himself but to another person, that income may, notwithstanding the provisions of articles 7, 14 and 15, be taxed in the Contracting State in which the activities of the entertainer or sportsman are exercised.
Article 18
Pensions, annuities and similar remuneration
Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of article 19, pensions, annuities and other similar remuneration paid to a resident of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in that State.
Article 19
Government service
1 - Salaries, wages and other similar remuneration paid by a Contracting State or a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or authority shall be taxable only in that State. However, such salaries, wages and other similar remuneration shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the services are rendered in that State and the individual is a resident of that State who:
is a national of that State; or
did not become a resident of that State solely for the purpose of rendering the services.
2 - Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, pensions and other similar remuneration paid by, or out of funds created by, a Contracting State or a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of services rendered to that State or subdivision or authority shall be taxable only in that State. However, such pensions and other similar remuneration shall be taxable only in the other Contracting State if the individual is a resident of, and a national of, that State.
3 - The provisions of articles 15, 16, 17 and 18 shall apply to salaries, wages, pensions, and other similar remuneration in respect of services rendered in connection with a business carried on by a Contracting State or a political or administrative subdivision or a local authority thereof.
Article 20
Students
Payments which a student or business apprentice who is or was immediately before visiting a Contracting State a resident of the other Contracting State and who is present in the first-mentioned State solely for the purpose of his education or training receives for the purpose of his maintenance, education or training shall not be taxed in that State, provided that such payments arise from sources outside that State.
Article 21
Other income
1 - Items of income of a resident of a Contracting State, wherever arising, not dealt with in the foregoing articles of this Convention shall be taxable only in that State.
2 - The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply to income, other than income from immovable property as defined in paragraph 2 of article 6, if the beneficial owner of such income, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the income is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of article 7 or article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.
3 - Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, items of income of a resident of a Contracting State not dealt with in the foregoing Articles of this Convention and arising in the other Contracting State may also be taxed in that other State.
CHAPTER IV
Methods for elimination of double taxation
Article 22
Elimination of double taxation
1 - In the case of Portugal double taxation shall be eliminated as follows:
Where a resident of Portugal derives income which, in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, may be taxed in Peru, Portugal shall allow as a deduction from the tax on the income of that resident an amount equal to the income tax paid in Peru. Such deduction shall not, however, exceed that part of the income tax as computed before the deduction is given, which is attributable to the income which may be taxed in Peru;
Notwithstanding the provision of subparagraph a) of paragraph 1 of this article, where a company which is a resident of Portugal receives dividends from a company which is a resident of Peru and which is subject to and not exempt from Peruvian tax, Portugal shall allow a deduction for such dividends included in the tax base of the company receiving the dividends, provided that the latter company holds directly a participation corresponding to at least 25 per cent of the capital of the company paying the dividends for an uninterrupted period of two years prior to the date on which the dividends are paid or, if held for a shorter period, if it continues to hold that participation until the two-year-long condition is satisfied. The provisions of this subparagraph shall only apply if the profits out of which such dividends are paid:
have been effectively taxed at a rate of 10 per cent or higher; and
ii) do not result from activities which generate passive income, namely royalties, capital gains and other income derived from securities, income from immovable property not situated in the Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident, income from insurance activities mainly derived from insurance of property not situated in that Contracting State or of persons who are not residents of that Contracting State, and income from banking operations not mainly directed at the market of that Contracting State.
2 - In the case of Peru, double taxation shall be eliminated as follows:
Residents of Peru may credit against peruvian tax, as a credit, the Portuguese tax payable on income taxed in accordance with the laws of Portugal and the provisions of this Convention. Such credit shall not, in any case, exceed that part of the Peruvian tax which is attributable to the income which may be taxed in Portugal;
Where a company which is a resident of Portugal pays dividends to a company which is a resident of Peru that controls directly or indirectly at least 10 per cent of the voting power in the company paying the dividends, the credit mentioned in subparagraph a) of paragraph 2 of this article shall take into account the tax payable in Portugal by such company in respect of the profits out of which such dividends are paid but only to the extent that the peruvian tax exceeds the amount of the credit determined without reference to this subparagraph.
3 - Where in accordance with any provisions of this Convention income derived by a resident of a Contracting State is exempt from tax in that State, such State may nevertheless, in calculating the amount of tax on the remaining income of such resident, take into account the exempted income.
CHAPTER V
Special provisions
Article 23
Non-discrimination
1 - Nationals of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in the other Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith, which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which nationals of that other State in the same circumstances, in particular with respect to residence, are or may be subjected. This provision shall, notwithstanding the provisions of article 1, also apply to persons who are not residents of one or both of the Contracting States.
2 - The taxation on a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has in the other Contracting State shall not be less favourably levied in that other State than the taxation levied on enterprises of that other State carrying on the same activities. This provision shall not be construed as obliging a Contracting State to grant to residents of the other Contracting State any personal allowances, reliefs and reductions for taxation purposes on account of civil status or family responsibilities which it grants to its own residents.
3 - Except where the provisions of paragraph 1 of article 9, paragraph 7 of article 11, or paragraph 6 of article 12, apply, interest, royalties and other disbursements paid by an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the taxable profits of such enterprise, be deductible under the same conditions as if they had been paid to a resident of the first-mentioned State.
4 - Enterprises of a Contracting State, the capital of which is wholly or partly owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or more residents of the other Contracting State, shall not be subjected in the first-mentioned State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which other similar enterprises of the first-mentioned State are or may be subjected.
5 - The provisions of this article shall apply to taxes covered by this Convention.
Article 24
Mutual agreement procedure
1 - Where a person considers that the actions of one or both of the Contracting States result or will result for him in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of this Convention, he may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the domestic law of those States, present his case to the competent authority of the Contracting State of which he is a resident or, if his case comes under paragraph 1 of article 23, to that of the Contracting State of which he is a national. The case must be presented within three years from the first notification of the action resulting in taxation not in accordance with the provisions of the Convention.
2 - The competent authority shall endeavour, if the objection appears to it to be justified and if it is not itself able to arrive at a satisfactory solution, to resolve the case by mutual agreement with the competent authority of the other Contracting State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation which is not in accordance with the Convention. Any agreement reached shall be implemented notwithstanding any time limits in the domestic law of the Contracting States.
3 - The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or doubts arising as to the interpretation or application of the Convention.
4 - The competent authorities of the Contracting States may communicate with each other directly for the purpose of reaching an agreement in the sense of the preceding paragraphs.
Article 25
Exchange of information
1 - The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall exchange such information as is foreseeably relevant for carrying out the provisions of this Convention or to the administration or enforcement of the domestic laws concerning taxes of every kind and description imposed on behalf of the Contracting States, or of their political or administrative subdivisions or local authorities, insofar as the taxation thereunder is not contrary to the Convention. The exchange of information is not restricted by articles 1 and 2.
2 - Any information received under paragraph 1 by a Contracting State shall be treated as secret in the same manner as information obtained under the domestic laws of that State and shall be disclosed only to persons or authorities (including courts and administrative bodies) concerned with the assessment or collection of, the enforcement or prosecution in respect of, the determination of appeals in relation to the taxes referred to in paragraph 1, or the oversight of the above. Such persons or authorities shall use the information only for such purposes. They may disclose the information in public court proceedings or in judicial decisions.
3 - In no case shall the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 be construed so as to impose on a Contracting State the obligation:
to carry out administrative measures at variance with the laws and administrative practice of that or of the other Contracting State;
to supply information which is not obtainable under the laws or in the normal course of the administration of that or of the other Contracting State;
to supply information which would disclose any trade, business, industrial, commercial or professional secret or trade process, or information the disclosure of which would be contrary to public policy (ordre public).
4 - If information is requested by a Contracting State in accordance with this article, the other Contracting State shall use its information gathering measures to obtain the requested information, even though that other State may not need such information for its own tax purposes. The obligation contained in the preceding sentence is subject to the limitations of paragraph 3 but in no case shall such limitations be construed to permit a Contracting State to decline to supply information solely because it has no domestic interest in such information.
5 - In no case shall the provisions of paragraph 3 be construed to permit a Contracting State to decline to supply information solely because the information is held by a bank, other financial institution, nominee or person acting in an agency or a fiduciary capacity or because it relates to ownership interests in a person.
Article 26
Members of diplomatic missions and consular posts
Nothing in this Convention shall affect the fiscal privileges of members of diplomatic missions or consular posts under the general rules of international law or under the provisions of special agreements.
CHAPTER VI
Final provisions
Article 27
Entry into force
1 - This Convention shall enter into force thirty days after the date of receipt of the latter of the notifications, in writing and through diplomatic channels, conveying the completion of the internal procedures of each Contracting State required for that purpose.
2 - The provisions of this Convention shall have effect:
in the case of Portugal:
in respect of taxes withheld at source, the fact giving rise to them appearing on or after the first day of January of the calendar year next following that in which this Convention enters into force; and
ii) in respect of other taxes, as to income arising in any fiscal year beginning on or after the first day of January of the calendar year next following that in which this Convention enters into force;
in the case of Peru, in respect of Peruvian taxes and amounts paid, credited to an account, or accounted as an expense, on or after the first day of January of the calendar year immediately following that in which the Convention enters force.
Article 28
Duration and termination
This Convention shall remain in force until terminated by a Contracting State. Following the expiration of an initial period of five years, either Contracting State may terminate the Convention, through diplomatic channels, by giving written notice of termination at least six months before the end of any calendar year. In such case, the Convention shall cease to have effect:
in the case of Portugal:
in respect of taxes withheld at source, the fact giving rise to them appearing on or after the first day of January of the calendar year next following that specified in the notice of termination; and
ii) in respect of other taxes, as to income arising in the fiscal year beginning on or after the first day of January of the calendar year next following that specified in the notice of termination;
in the case of Peru, in respect of peruvian taxes on or after the first day of January of the calendar year next following that specified in the notice of termination.
In witness whereof the undersigned, duly authorized thereto, have signed this Convention.
Done in duplicate at Lisbon this 19 day of November 2012, in the spanish, portuguese and english languages, all texts being equally authentic. In case of any divergence of interpretation of the text of this Protocol, the english text shall prevail.
For the Portuguese Republic:
Paulo de Faria Lince Núncio, State Secretary for Tax Affairs.
For the Republic of Peru:
Rafael Roncagliolo Orbegoso, Minister for Foreign Affairs.
PROTOCOL TO THE CONVENTION BETWEEN THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC AND THE REPUBLIC OF PERU FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON INCOME.
On signing the Convention between the Portuguese Republic and the Republic of Peru for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income (hereinafter referred to as «the Convention»), the signatories have agreed that the following provisions shall form an integral part of the Convention:
1 - Mode of application of the Convention:
The Contracting States may settle the mode of application of the Convention.
2 - With reference to article 3, paragraph 1, subparagraph d):
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