Reform history

COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1178/2011

of 3 November 2011

laying down technical requirements and administrative procedures related to civil aviation aircrew pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council

(Text with EEA relevance)

Until  8 September 2021, a Member State may issue an authorisation to a pilot to exercise specified limited privileges to fly aeroplanes under instrument flight rules before the pilot complies with all of the requirements necessary for the issue of an instrument rating in accordance with this Regulation, subject to the following conditions:

(a) hold a CPL(H) and a multi-pilot helicopter type rating and have received instruction in MCC;

(b) have completed as a pilot of helicopters a minimum of 1 000 hours of flight time including at least:

(1) 350 hours in multi-pilot helicopters;

(ii) 100 hours as PIC and 150 hours as PIC under supervision; or

Of the 1 000 hours, a maximum of 100 hours may have been completed in an FSTD, of which not more than 25 hours may be completed in an FNPT.

(c) Flight time in aeroplanes shall be credited up to 50 % against the flight time requirements of paragraph (b).

(d) The experience required in (b) shall be completed before the skill test for the ATPL(H) is taken.

(a) The privileges of a holder of an IR are to fly aircraft under IFR, including PBN operations, with a minimum decision height of no less than 200 feet (60 m).

(b) In the case of a multi-engine IR, these privileges may be extended to decision heights lower than 200 feet (60 m) when the applicant has undergone specific training at an ATO and has passed section 6 of the skill test prescribed in Appendix 9 to this Part in multi-pilot aircraft.

(c) Holders of an IR shall exercise their privileges in accordance with the conditions established in Appendix 8 to this Part.

(d) Helicopters only. To exercise privileges as PIC under IFR in multi-pilot helicopters, the holder of an IR(H) shall have at least 70 hours of instrument time of which up to 30 hours may be instrument ground time.

(a) Applicants for an IR shall pass a skill test in accordance with Appendix 7 to this Part to demonstrate the ability to perform the relevant procedures and manoeuvres with a degree of competency appropriate to the privileges granted.

(b) For a multi-engine IR, the skill test shall be taken in a multi-engine aircraft. For a single-engine IR, the test shall be taken in a single-engine aircraft. A multi-engine centreline thrust aeroplane shall be considered a single-engine aeroplane for the purposes of this paragraph.

(c) Applicants who have completed a skill test for a multi-engine IR in a single-pilot multi-engine aeroplane for which a class rating is required shall also be issued with a single-engine IR for the single-engine aeroplane class or type ratings that they hold.

Holders of an IR(H) valid for single-engine helicopters wishing to extend for the first time the IR(H) to multi-engine helicopters shall complete:

(a) a training course at an ATO comprising at least 5 hours dual instrument instruction time, of which 3 hours may be in an FFS or FTD 2/3 or FNPT II/III; and

(b) section 5 of the skill test in accordance with Appendix 9 to this Part on multi-engine helicopters.

(d) An applicant who already holds a type rating for an aircraft type, with the privilege for either single-pilot or multi-pilot operations, shall be considered to have already fulfilled the theoretical requirements when applying to add the privilege for the other form of operation on the same aircraft type. Such an applicant shall complete additional flight training for the other form of operation at an ATO or an AOC holder specifically authorised for such training by the competent authority. The form of operation shall be entered in the licence.

Unless otherwise determined in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Part-21, an applicant for the issue of the first helicopter type rating shall comply with the following experience requirements and prerequisites for the issue of the relevant rating:

(a) Multi-pilot helicopters. An applicant for the first type rating course for a multi-pilot helicopter type shall:

(ii) have at least 500 hours as a pilot on multi-pilot aeroplanes; or

(iii) have at least 500 hours as a pilot in multi-pilot operations on multi-engine helicopters;

(b) An applicant for the first type rating course for a multi-pilot helicopter type who is a graduate from an ATP(H)/IR, ATP(H), CPL(H)/IR or CPL(H) integrated course and who does not comply with the requirement of (a)(1), shall have the type rating issued with the privileges limited to exercising functions as co-pilot only. The limitation shall be removed once the pilot has:

(c) Single-pilot multi-engine helicopters. An applicant for the issue of a first type rating for a single-pilot multi-engine helicopter shall:

(ii) MCC training, provided he or she holds a multi-pilot helicopter type rating;

(iii) the extension of the single-engine IR(H) to multi-engine IR(H);

(2) Before the privileges of a TRI(H) are extended from single-pilot to multi-pilot privileges on the same type of helicopters, the holder shall have completed at least 100 hours of multi-pilot operations on this type.

(1) for a TRI(H) certificate for single-pilot single-engine helicopters, have completed 250 hours as a pilot on helicopters;

(2) for a TRI(H) certificate for single-pilot multi-engine helicopters, have completed 500 hours as pilot of helicopters, including 100 hours as PIC on single-pilot multi-engine helicopters;

(3) for a TRI(H) certificate for multi-pilot helicopters, have completed 1 000 hours of flight time as a pilot on helicopters, including:

(i) 350 hours as a pilot on multi-pilot helicopters; or

(ii) for applicants already holding a TRI(H) certificate for single-pilot multi-engine helicopters, 100 hours as pilot of that type in multi-pilot operations.

(4) Holders of an FI(H) certificate shall be fully credited towards the requirements of (1) and (2) in the relevant single-pilot helicopter;

(3) to apply for an IR(H) for multi-engine helicopters, meet the requirements of point FCL.905.FI(h)(2);

(2) MCC training, if SFIs have privileges to instruct for multi-pilot helicopters.

(2) in the case of multi-pilot helicopters, at least 1 000 hours of flying experience as a pilot on helicopters, including at least 350 hours as a pilot on multi-pilot helicopters;

(4) in the case of single-pilot single-engine helicopters, completed 250 hours as a pilot on helicopters.

(1) in the case of aeroplanes, airships and powered-lift aircraft, 1 500 hours of flying experience as a pilot in multi-pilot operations;

(2) in the case of helicopters, 1 000 hours of flying experience as a pilot in multi-crew operations, of which at least 350 hours in multi-pilot helicopters.

(3) have at least 1000 hours of flight time as pilots of multi-pilot helicopters;

(4) for the initial issue of an SFE certificate, have completed at least 50 hours of synthetic flight instruction as a TRI(H) or an SFI(H) on the applicable type.

9.Upon completion of the related flying training, the applicant shall take the CPL(H) skill test on either a multi-engine or a single-engine helicopter and the IR skill test on an IFR-certificated multi-engine helicopter.

7.A single-engine IR(H) course shall comprise at least 50 hours instrument time under instruction, of which:

(a) up to 20 hours may be instrument ground time in an FNPT I(H) or (A). These 20 hours instruction time in FNPT I (H) or (A) may be substituted by 20 hours instruction time for IR(H) in an aeroplane, approved for this course; or

(b) up to 35 hours may be instrument ground time in a helicopter FTD 2/3, FNPT II/III or FFS.

8.A multi-engine IR(H) course shall comprise at least 55 hours instrument time under instruction of which;

(a) up to 20 hours may be instrument ground time in an FNPT I (H) or (A). These 20 hours instruction time in FNPT I (H) or (A) may be substituted by 20 hours instruction time for IR(H) in an aeroplane, approved for this course; or

(b) up to 40 hours may be instrument ground time in a helicopter FTD 2/3, FNPT II/III or FFS.

The instrument flight instruction shall include at least 10 hours in an IFR-certificated multi-engine helicopter.

9.1.Holders of an ATPL(H) shall have the theoretical knowledge instruction hours reduced by 50 hours.

9.2.The holder of an IR(A) may have the amount of training required reduced to 10 hours.

9.3.The holder of a PPL(H) with a helicopter night rating or a CPL(H) may have the total amount of instrument time under instruction required reduced by 5 hours.

10.The flying exercises up to the IR(H) skill test shall comprise:

transition from visual to instrument flight on takeoff,

standard instrument departures and arrivals,

en-route IFR procedures,

holding procedures,

instrument approaches to specified minima,

missed approach procedures,

landings from instrument approaches, including circling;

Credits shall be granted only if holders are revalidating IR privileges for single-engine and single-pilot multi-engine helicopters as appropriate.

| Multi-pilot helicopter (MPH) type rating | SE type rating (^*1); and SP ME type rating (^*1). |

| SP ME type rating, operated as single-pilot | SE type rating (^*1); and SP ME type rating (^*1). |

| SP ME type rating, restricted to multi-pilot operation | SE type rating (^*1); and SP ME type rating (^*1). |

| SP SE type rating, operated as single-pilot | SP SE type rating, operated as single -pilot |

| (^*1) Provided that within the preceding 12 months at least three IFR departures and approaches exercising PBN privileges, including one RNP APCH approach (could be a Point in Space (PinS) approach), have been performed on a SP type of helicopter in SP operations. | |

13. The skill test for a multi-pilot aircraft or a single-pilot aeroplane when operated in multi-pilot operations shall be performed in a multi-crew environment. Another applicant or another type rated qualified pilot may function as the second pilot. If an aircraft is used, the second pilot shall be the examiner or an instructor.

15. The following matters shall be specifically checked by the examiner for applicants for the ATPL or a type rating for multi-pilot aircraft or for multi-pilot operations in a single-pilot aeroplane extending to the duties of a PIC, irrespective of whether the applicants act as PF or PM:

2. In the case of multi-pilot and single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes, applicants shall pass all sections of the skill test or proficiency check. Failure in more than five items will require applicants to take the entire test or check again. Applicants failing 5 or fewer items shall take the failed items again. Failure in any item on the retest or recheck, including those items that have been passed on a previous attempt, will require applicants to repeat the entire check or test again. Section 6 is not part of the ATPL or MPL skill test. If applicants only fail or do not take Section 6, the type rating will be issued without CAT II or CAT III privileges. To extend the type rating privileges to CAT II or CAT III, applicants shall pass the Section 6 on the appropriate type of aircraft.

| 6. | Multi-pilot aeroplanes and single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes (a) The following symbols mean: P = Trained as PIC or co-pilot and as PF and PM for the issue of a type rating as applicable. OTD = Other training devices may be used for this exercise X = An FFS shall be used for this exercise; otherwise an aeroplane shall be used if appropriate for the manoeuvre or procedure P# = The training shall be complemented by supervised aeroplane inspection (b) The practical training shall be conducted at least at the training equipment level shown as (P), or may be conducted up to any higher equipment level shown by the arrow (----->). The following abbreviations are used to indicate the training equipment used: A = aeroplane FFS = full-flight simulator FSTD = flight simulation training device (c) The starred items (*) shall be flown solely by reference to instruments. (d) Where the letter ‘M’ appears in the skill test or proficiency check column, this will indicate a mandatory exercise or a choice where more than one exercise appears. (e) An FFS shall be used for practical training and testing if the FFS forms part of an approved type rating course. The following considerations will apply to the approval of the course: (i) the qualifications of the instructors; (ii) the qualification and the amount of training provided on the course in an FSTD; and (iii) the qualifications and previous experience on similar types of the pilots under training. (f) Manoeuvres and procedures shall include MCC for multi-pilot aeroplane and for single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes in multi-pilot operations. (g) Manoeuvres and procedures shall be conducted in single-pilot role for single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes in single-pilot operations. (h) In the case of single-pilot high-performance complex aeroplanes, when a skill test or proficiency check is performed in multi-pilot operations, the type rating shall be restricted to multi-pilot operations. If privileges of single-pilot are sought, the manoeuvres/procedures in 2.5, 3.8.3.4, 4.4, 5.5 and at least one manoeuvre/procedure from Section 3.4 have to be completed in addition as single-pilot. (i) In the case of a restricted type rating issued in accordance with  FCL.720.A(c), applicants shall fulfil the same requirements as other applicants for the type rating except for the practical exercises relating to the take-off and landing phases. (j) To establish or maintain PBN privileges, one approach shall be an RNP APCH. Where an RNP APCH is not practicable, it shall be performed in an appropriately equipped FSTD. By way of derogation from the subparagraph above, in cases where a proficiency check for revalidation of PBN privileges does not include an RNP APCH exercise, the PBN privileges of the pilot shall not include RNP APCH. The restriction shall be lifted if the pilot has completed a proficiency check including an RNP APCH exercise. MULTI-PILOT AEROPLANES AND SINGLE-PILOT HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPLEX AEROPLANES PRACTICAL TRAINING ATPL/MPL/TYPE RATING SKILL TEST OR PROF. CHECK Manoeuvres/procedures FSTD A Instructor initials when training completed Tested or checked in FSTD or A Examiner initials when test or check completed SECTION 1 1 Flight preparation 1.1.  Performance calculation OTD P 1.2.  Aeroplane external visual inspection; location of each item and purpose of inspection OTD P# P 1.3.  Cockpit inspection P-----> -----> 1.4.  Use of checklist prior to starting engines, starting procedures, radio and navigation equipment check, selection and setting of navigation and communication frequencies P-----> -----> M 1.5.  Taxiing in compliance with ATC instructions or instructions of instructor P-----> -----> 1.6.  Before take-off checks P-----> -----> M SECTION 2 2 Take-offs 2.1.  Normal take-offs with different flap settings, including expedited take-off P-----> -----> 2.2*  Instrument take-off; transition to instrument flight is required during rotation or immediately after becoming airborne P-----> -----> 2.3.  Crosswind take-off P-----> -----> 2.4.  Take-off at maximum take-off mass (actual or simulated maximum take-off mass) P-----> -----> 2.5.  Take-offs with simulated engine failure: 2.5.1*  shortly after reaching V2 P-----> -----> (In aeroplanes which are not certificated as transport category or commuter category aeroplanes, the engine failure shall not be simulated until reaching a minimum height of 500 ft above the runway end. In aeroplanes having the same performance as a transport category aeroplane regarding take-off mass and density altitude, the instructor may simulate the engine failure shortly after reaching V2) 2.5.2*  between V1 and V2 P X M FFS only 2.6.  Rejected take-off at a reasonable speed before reaching V1 P-----> ---->X M SECTION 3 3 Flight manoeuvres and procedures 3.1.  Manual flight with and without flight directors (no autopilot, no autothrust/autothrottle, and at different control laws, where applicable) P-----> ----> 3.1.1.  At different speeds (including slow flight) and altitudes within the FSTD training envelope P-----> ----> 3.1.2.  Steep turns using 45° bank, 180° to 360° left and right P-----> ----> 3.1.3.  Turns with and without spoilers P-----> ----> 3.1.4.  Procedural instrument flying and manoeuvring including instrument departure and arrival, and visual approach P-----> ----> 3.2.  Tuck under and Mach buffets (if applicable), and other specific flight characteristics of the aeroplane (e.g. Dutch Roll) P-----> ---->X An aeroplane shall not be used for this exercise FFS only 3.3.  Normal operation of systems and controls engineer's panel (if applicable) OTD P-----> -----> 3.4.  Normal and abnormal operations of following systems: M A mandatory minimum of 3 abnormal items shall be selected from 3.4.0 to 3.4.14 inclusive 3.4.0.  Engine (if necessary propeller) OTD P-----> -----> 3.4.1.  Pressurisation and air conditioning OTD P-----> -----> 3.4.2.  Pitot/static system OTD P-----> -----> 3.4.3.  Fuel system OTD P-----> -----> 3.4.4.  Electrical system OTD P-----> -----> 3.4.5.  Hydraulic system OTD P-----> -----> 3.4.6.  Flight control and trim system OTD P-----> -----> 3.4.7.  Anti-icing/de-icing system, glare shield heating OTD P-----> -----> 3.4.8.  Autopilot/flight director OTD P-----> -----> M (single pilot only) 3.4.9.  Stall warning devices or stall avoidance devices, and stability augmentation devices OTD P-----> -----> 3.4.10.  Ground proximity warning system, weather radar, radio altimeter, transponder P-----> -----> 3.4.11.  Radios, navigation equipment, instruments, FMS OTD P-----> -----> 3.4.12.  Landing gear and brake OTD P-----> -----> 3.4.13.  Slat and flap system OTD -----> 3.4.14.  Auxiliary power unit (APU) OTD P-----> -----> Intentionally left blank 3.6.  Abnormal and emergency procedures: M A mandatory minimum of 3 items shall be selected from 3.6.1 to 3.6.9 inclusive 3.6.1.  Fire drills, e.g. engine, APU, cabin, cargo compartment, flight deck, wing and electrical fires including evacuation P-----> -----> 3.6.2.  Smoke control and removal P-----> -----> 3.6.3.  Engine failures, shutdown and restart at a safe height P-----> -----> 3.6.4.  Fuel dumping (simulated) P-----> -----> 3.6.5.  Wind shear at take-off/landing P X FFS only 3.6.6.  Simulated cabin pressure failure/emergency descent P-----> -----> 3.6.7.  Incapacitation of flight crew member P-----> -----> 3.6.8.  Other emergency procedures as outlined in the appropriate aeroplane flight manual (AFM) P-----> -----> 3.6.9.  TCAS event OTD P-----> An aeroplane shall not be used FFS only 3.7.  Upset recovery training 3.7.1.  Recovery from stall events in: — take-off configuration; — clean configuration at low altitude; — clean configuration near maximum operating altitude; and — landing configuration. P FFS qualified for the training task only X An aeroplane shall not be used for this exercise 3.7.2.  The following upset exercises: — recovery from nose-high at various bank angles; and — recovery from nose-low at various bank angles P FFS qualified for the training task only X An aeroplane shall not be used for this exercise FFS only 3.8.  Instrument flight procedures 3.8.1*  Adherence to departure and arrival routes and ATC instructions P-----> -----> M 3.8.2*  Holding procedures P-----> -----> 3.8.3*  3D operations to DH/A of 200 ft (60 m) or to higher minima if required by the approach procedure *Note:* According to the AFM, RNP APCH procedures may require the use of autopilot or flight director. The procedure to be flown manually shall be chosen taking into account such limitations (for example, choose an ILS for 3.8.3.1 in the case of such AFM limitation). 3.8.3.1*  Manually, without flight director P-----> -----> M (skill test only) 3.8.3.2*  Manually, with flight director P-----> -----> 3.8.3.3*  With autopilot P-----> -----> 3.8.3.4*  Manually, with one engine simulated inoperative during final approach, either until touchdown or through the complete missed approach procedure (as applicable), starting: (i) before passing 1 000 ft above aerodrome level; and (ii) after passing 1 000 ft above aerodrome level. In aeroplanes which are not certificated as transport category aeroplanes (JAR/FAR 25) or as commuter category aeroplanes (SFAR 23), the approach with simulated engine failure and the ensuing go-around shall be initiated in conjunction with the 2D approach in accordance with 3.8.4. The go-around shall be initiated when reaching the published obstacle clearance height/altitude (OCH/A); however, not later than reaching an MDH/A of 500 ft above the runway threshold elevation. In aeroplanes having the same performance as a transport category aeroplane regarding take-off mass and density altitude, the instructor may simulate the engine failure in accordance with exercise 3.8.3.4. P —-> —-> M ————— 3.8.4*  2D operations down to the MDH/A P*---> -----> M 3.8.5.  Circling approach under the following conditions: (a)*  approach to the authorised minimum circling approach altitude at the aerodrome in question in accordance with the local instrument approach facilities in simulated instrument flight conditions; followed by: (b) circling approach to another runway at least 90° off centreline from the final approach used in item (a), at the authorised minimum circling approach altitude. *Remark:* If (a) and (b) are not possible due to ATC reasons, a simulated low visibility pattern may be performed. P*---> -----> 3.8.6.  Visual approaches P----> -----> SECTION 4 4 Missed approach procedures 4.1.  Go-around with all engines operating* during a 3D operation on reaching decision height P*---> -----> 4.2.  Go-around with all engines operating* from various stages during an instrument approach P*---> -----> 4.3.  Other missed approach procedures P*---> -----> 4.4*  Manual go-around with the critical engine simulated inoperative after an instrument approach on reaching DH, MDH or MAPt P*-----> -----> M 4.5.  Rejected landing with all engines operating: — from various heights below DH/MDH; — after touchdown (baulked landing) In aeroplanes which are not certificated as transport category aeroplanes (JAR/FAR 25) or as commuter category aeroplanes (SFAR 23), the rejected landing with all engines operating shall be initiated below MDH/A or after touchdown. P-----> -----> SECTION 5 5 Landings 5.1.  Normal landings* with visual reference established when reaching DA/H following an instrument approach operation P 5.2.  Landing with simulated jammed horizontal stabiliser in any out-of-trim position P-----> An aeroplane shall not be used for this exercise FFS only 5.3.  Crosswind landings (aircraft, if practicable) P-----> -----> 5.4.  Traffic pattern and landing without extended or with partly extended flaps and slats P-----> -----> 5.5.  Landing with critical engine simulated inoperative P-----> -----> M 5.6.  Landing with two engines inoperative: — aeroplanes with three engines: the centre engine and one outboard engine as far as practicable according to data of the AFM; and — aeroplanes with four engines: two engines at one side P X M FFS only (skill test only) *General remarks:* Special requirements for the extension of a type rating for instrument approaches down to a decision height of less than 200 ft (60 m), i.e. CAT II/III operations. SECTION 6 Additional authorisation on a type rating for instrument approaches down to a DH of less than 60 m (200 ft) (CAT II/III) The following manoeuvres and procedures are the minimum training requirements to permit instrument approaches down to a DH of less than 60 m (200 ft). During the following instrument approaches and missed approach procedures, all aeroplane equipment required for type certification of instrument approaches down to a DH of less than 60 m (200 ft) shall be used. 6.1*  Rejected take-off at minimum authorised runway visual range (RVR) P*-----> ---->X An aeroplane shall not be used for this exercise M* 6.2*  CAT II/III approaches: in simulated instrument flight conditions down to the applicable DH, using flight guidance system. Standard procedures of crew coordination (task sharing, call-out procedures, mutual surveillance, information exchange and support) shall be observed. P-----> -----> M 6.3*  Go-around: after approaches as indicated in 6.2 on reaching DH. The training shall also include a go-around due to (simulated) insufficient RVR, wind shear, aeroplane deviation in excess of approach limits for a successful approach, ground/airborne equipment failure prior to reaching DH, and go-around with simulated airborne equipment failure. P-----> -----> M* 6.4*  Landing(s): with visual reference established at DH following an instrument approach. Depending on the specific flight guidance system, an automatic landing shall be performed. P-----> -----> M *NOTE:* CAT II/III operations shall be performed in accordance with the applicable air operations requirements. | | | | |

| *General remarks:* Special requirements for the extension of a type rating for instrument approaches down to a decision height of less than 200 ft (60 m), i.e. CAT II/III operations. | | | | | |

| SECTION 6 | | | | | |

| Additional authorisation on a type rating for instrument approaches down to a DH of less than 60 m (200 ft) (CAT II/III) The following manoeuvres and procedures are the minimum training requirements to permit instrument approaches down to a DH of less than 60 m (200 ft). During the following instrument approaches and missed approach procedures, all aeroplane equipment required for type certification of instrument approaches down to a DH of less than 60 m (200 ft) shall be used. | | | | | |

| 6.1*  Rejected take-off at minimum authorised runway visual range (RVR) | P*-----> | ---->X An aeroplane shall not be used for this exercise | | M* | |

| 6.2*  CAT II/III approaches: in simulated instrument flight conditions down to the applicable DH, using flight guidance system. Standard procedures of crew coordination (task sharing, call-out procedures, mutual surveillance, information exchange and support) shall be observed. | P-----> | -----> | | M | |

| 6.3*  Go-around: after approaches as indicated in 6.2 on reaching DH. The training shall also include a go-around due to (simulated) insufficient RVR, wind shear, aeroplane deviation in excess of approach limits for a successful approach, ground/airborne equipment failure prior to reaching DH, and go-around with simulated airborne equipment failure. | P-----> | -----> | | M* | |

| 6.4*  Landing(s): with visual reference established at DH following an instrument approach. Depending on the specific flight guidance system, an automatic landing shall be performed. | P-----> | -----> | | M | |

| 6. | The following abbreviations are used to indicate the training equipment used: FFS = full-flight simulator FTD = flight training device OTD = other training device PL = powered-lift aircraft (a) Applicants for the skill test for the issue of the powered-lift aircraft type rating shall pass Sections 1 to 5 and, if applicable, Section 6. (b) Applicants for the revalidation or renewal of the powered-lift aircraft type rating proficiency check shall pass Sections 1 to 5 and, if applicable, Section 6 and/or Section 7. (c) The starred items (*) shall be flown solely by reference to instruments. If this condition is not met during the skill test or proficiency check, the type rating will be restricted to VFR only. |

| 8. | FSTDs shall be used for practical training and testing if they form part of an approved type rating course. The following considerations will apply to the approval of the course: (a) the qualification of the FSTDs as set out in the relevant requirements of Annex VI (Part-ARA) and Annex VII (Part-ORA); and (b) the qualifications of the instructor. POWERED-LIFT AIRCRAFT CATEGORY PRACTICAL TRAINING SKILL TEST OR PROFICIENCY CHECK Manoeuvres/procedures Instructor's initials when training completed Checked in FFS PL Examiner's initials when test completed OTD FTD FFS PL SECTION 1 — Preflight preparations and checks 1.1 Powered-lift aircraft exterior visual inspection; location of each item and purpose of inspection P 1.2 Cockpit inspection P ----> ----> ----> 1.3 Starting procedures, radio and navigation equipment check, selection and setting of navigation and communication frequencies P ----> ----> ----> M 1.4 Taxiing in compliance with ATC instructions or with instructions of an instructor P ----> ----> 1.5 Pre-take-off procedures and checks including power check P ----> ----> ----> M SECTION 2 — Flight manoeuvres and procedures 2.1 Normal VFR take-off profiles: Runway operations (short take-off and landing (STOL) and vertical take-off and landing (VTOL)) including crosswind Elevated heliports Ground level heliports P ----> ----> M 2.2 Take-off at maximum take-off mass (actual or simulated maximum take-off mass) P ----> 2.3.1 Rejected take-off: — during runway operations; — during elevated heliport operations; and — during ground level operations. P ----> M 2.3.2 Take-off with simulated engine failure after passing decision point: during runway operations; during elevated heliport operations; and during ground level operations. P ----> M 2.4 Autorotative descent in helicopter mode to ground (an aircraft shall not be used for this exercise) P ----> ----> M FFS only 2.4.1 Windmill descent in aeroplane mode (an aircraft shall not be used for this exercise) P ----> M FFS only 2.5 Normal VFR landing profiles: runway operations (STOL and VTOL) elevated heliports ground level heliports P ----> ----> M 2.5.1 Landing with simulated engine failure after reaching decision point: — during runway operations; — during elevated heliport operations; and — during ground level operations. 2.6 Go-around or landing following simulated engine failure before decision point P ----> M SECTION 3 — Normal and abnormal operations of the following systems and procedures: 3 Normal and abnormal operations of the following systems and procedures (may be completed in an FSTD if qualified for the exercise): M A mandatory minimum of 3 items shall be selected from this section 3.1 Engine P ----> ----> 3.2 Pressurisation and air conditioning (heating, ventilation) P ----> ----> 3.3 Pitot/static system P ----> ----> 3.4 Fuel system P ----> ----> 3.5 Electrical system P ----> ----> 3.6 Hydraulic system P ----> ----> 3.7 Flight control and trim system P ----> ----> 3.8 Anti-icing and de-icing system, glare shield heating (if fitted) P ----> ----> 3.9 Autopilot/flight director P ---> ---> 3.10 Stall warning devices or stall avoidance devices and stability augmentation devices P ----> ----> 3.11 Weather radar, radio altimeter, transponder, ground proximity warning system (if fitted) P ----> ----> 3.12 Landing gear system P -----> -----> 3.13 APU P ----> ----> 3.14 Radio, navigation equipment, instruments and FMS P ----> ----> 3.15 Flap system P ----> ----> SECTION 4 — Abnormal and emergency procedures 4 Abnormal and emergency procedures (may be completed in an FSTD if qualified for the exercise) M A mandatory minimum of 3 items shall be selected from this section 4.1 Fire drills, engine, APU, cargo compartment, flight deck and electrical fires including evacuation if applicable P ----> ----> 4.2 Smoke control and removal P ----> ----> 4.3 Engine failures, shutdown and restart (an aircraft shall not be used for this exercise) including one engine inoperative conversion from helicopter to aeroplane modes and vice versa P ----> ----> FFS only 4.4 Fuel dumping (simulated, if fitted) P ----> ----> 4.5 Wind shear at take-off and landing (an aircraft shall not be used for this exercise) P FFS only 4.6 Simulated cabin pressure failure/emergency descent (an aircraft shall not be used for this exercise) P ----> ----> FFS only 4.7 ACAS event (an aircraft shall not be used for this exercise) P ----> ----> FFS only 4.8 Incapacitation of crew member P ----> ----> 4.9 Transmission malfunctions P ----> ----> FFS only 4.10 Recovery from a full stall (power on and off) or after activation of stall warning devices in climb, cruise and approach configurations (an aircraft shall not be used for this exercise) P ----> ----> FFS only 4.11 Other emergency procedures as detailed in the appropriate flight manual P ----> ----> SECTION 5 — Instrument flight procedures (to be performed in IMC or simulated IMC) 5.1 Instrument take-off: transition to instrument flight is required as soon as possible after becoming airborne P* ---->* ---->* 5.1.1 Simulated engine failure during departure after decision point P* ---->* ---->* M* 5.2 Adherence to departure and arrival routes and ATC instructions P* ---->* ---->* M* 5.3 Holding procedures P* ---->* ---->* 5.4 Precision approach down to a decision height not less than 60 m (200 ft) P* ---->* ---->* 5.4.1 Manually, without flight director P* ---->* ---->* M* (Skill test only) 5.4.2 Manually, with flight director P* ---->* ---->* 5.4.3 With use of autopilot P* ---->* ---->* 5.4.4 Manually, with one engine simulated inoperative; engine failure has to be simulated during final approach before passing the OM and continued either to touchdown or until completion of the missed approach procedure P* ---->* ---->* M* 5.5 Non-precision approach down to the MDA/H P* ---->* ---->* M* 5.6 Go-around with all engines operating on reaching DA/H or MDA/MDH P* ---->* ---->* 5.6.1 Other missed approach procedures P* ---->* ---->* 5.6.2 Go-around with one engine simulated inoperative on reaching DA/H or MDA/MDH P* M* 5.7 IMC autorotation with power recovery to land on runway in helicopter mode only (an aircraft shall not be used for this exercise) P* ---->* ---->* M* FFS only 5.8 Recovery from unusual attitudes (this one depends on the quality of the FFS) P* ---->* ---->* M* SECTION 6 — Additional authorisation on a type rating for instrument approaches down to a decision height of less than 60 m (200 ft) (CAT II/III) 6 Additional authorisation on a type rating for instrument approaches down to a decision height of less than 60 m (CAT II/III). The following manoeuvres and procedures are the minimum training requirements to permit instrument approaches down to a DH of less than 60 m (200 ft). During the following instrument approaches and missed approach procedures, all powered-lift aircraft equipment required for the type certification of instrument approaches down to a DH of less than 60 m (200 ft) shall be used. 6.1 Rejected take-off at minimum authorised RVR P ----> M* 6.2 ILS approaches: in simulated instrument flight conditions down to the applicable DH, using flight guidance system. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) of crew coordination shall be observed. P ----> ----> M* 6.3 Go-around: after approaches as indicated in 6.2 on reaching DH. The training shall also include a go-around due to (simulated) insufficient RVR, wind shear, aircraft deviation in excess of approach limits for a successful approach, ground/airborne equipment failure prior to reaching DH, and go-around with simulated airborne equipment failure. P ----> ----> M* 6.4 Landing(s): with visual reference established at DH following an instrument approach. Depending on the specific flight guidance system, an automatic landing shall be performed. P ----> M* SECTION 7 — Optional equipment 7 Use of optional equipment P ----> ----> | | | | | | | |

| SECTION 6 — Additional authorisation on a type rating for instrument approaches down to a decision height of less than 60 m (200 ft) (CAT II/III) | | | | | | | | |

| 6 | Additional authorisation on a type rating for instrument approaches down to a decision height of less than 60 m (CAT II/III). The following manoeuvres and procedures are the minimum training requirements to permit instrument approaches down to a DH of less than 60 m (200 ft). During the following instrument approaches and missed approach procedures, all powered-lift aircraft equipment required for the type certification of instrument approaches down to a DH of less than 60 m (200 ft) shall be used. | | | | | | | |

| 6.1 | Rejected take-off at minimum authorised RVR | | P | ----> | | | M* | |

| 6.2 | ILS approaches: in simulated instrument flight conditions down to the applicable DH, using flight guidance system. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) of crew coordination shall be observed. | | P | ----> | ----> | | M* | |

| 6.3 | Go-around: after approaches as indicated in 6.2 on reaching DH. The training shall also include a go-around due to (simulated) insufficient RVR, wind shear, aircraft deviation in excess of approach limits for a successful approach, ground/airborne equipment failure prior to reaching DH, and go-around with simulated airborne equipment failure. | | P | ----> | ----> | | M* | |

| 6.4 | Landing(s): with visual reference established at DH following an instrument approach. Depending on the specific flight guidance system, an automatic landing shall be performed. | | P | ----> | | | M* | |

| SECTION 7 — Optional equipment | | | | | | | | |

| 7 | Use of optional equipment | | P | ----> | ----> | | | |

| 6. | The following abbreviations are used to indicate the training equipment used: FFS = full-flight simulator FTD = flight training device OTD = other training device As = airship (a) Applicants for the skill test for the issue of the airship shall pass Sections 1 to 5 and, if applicable, Section 6. (b) Applicants for the revalidation or renewal of the airship type rating proficiency check shall pass Sections 1 to 5 and, if applicable Section 6. (c) The starred items (*) shall be flown solely by reference to instruments. If this condition is not met during the skill test or proficiency check, the type rating will be restricted to VFR only. |

| 8. | FSTDs shall be used for practical training and testing if they form part of a type rating course. The following considerations will apply to the course: (a) the qualification of the FSTDs as set out in the relevant requirements of Annex VI (Part-ARA) and Annex VII (Part-ORA); and (b) the qualifications of the instructor. AIRSHIP CATEGORY PRACTICAL TRAINING SKILL TEST OR PROFICIENCY CHECK Manoeuvres/procedures Instructor's initials when training completed Checked in Examiner's initials when test completed OTD FTD FFS As FFS As SECTION 1 — Preflight preparations and checks 1.1 Preflight inspection P 1.2 Cockpit inspection P ----> ----> ----> 1.3 Starting procedures, radio and navigation equipment check, selection and setting of navigation and communication frequencies P ----> ----> M 1.4 Off-mast procedure and ground manoeuvring P ----> M 1.5 Pre-take-off procedures and checks P ----> ----> ----> M SECTION 2 — Flight manoeuvres and procedures 2.1 Normal VFR take-off profile P ----> M 2.2 Take-off with simulated engine failure P ----> M 2.3 Take-off with heaviness > 0 (Heavy T/O) P ----> 2.4 Take-off with heaviness < 0 (Light/TO) P ----> 2.5 Normal climb procedure P ----> 2.6 Climb to pressure height P ----> 2.7 Recognising of pressure height P ----> 2.8 Flight at or close to pressure height P ----> M 2.9 Normal descent and approach P ----> 2.10 Normal VFR landing profile P ----> M 2.11 Landing with heaviness > 0 (Heavy Ldg.) P ----> M 2.12 Landing with heaviness < 0 (Light Ldg.) P ----> M Intentionally left blank SECTION 3 — Normal and abnormal operations of the following systems and procedures 3 Normal and abnormal operations of the following systems and procedures (may be completed in an FSTD if qualified for the exercise): M A mandatory minimum of 3 items shall be selected from this section 3.1 Engine P ----> ----> ----> 3.2 Envelope pressurisation P ----> ----> ----> 3.3 Pitot/static system P ----> ----> ----> 3.4 Fuel system P ----> ----> ----> 3.5 Electrical system P ----> ----> ----> 3.6 Hydraulic system P ----> ----> ----> 3.7 Flight control and trim system P ----> ----> ----> 3.8 Ballonet system P ----> ----> ----> 3.9 Autopilot/flight director P ---> ---> ----> 3.10 Stability augmentation devices P ----> ----> ----> 3.11 Weather radar, radio altimeter, transponder, ground proximity warning system (if fitted) P ----> ----> ----> 3.12 Landing gear system P -----> -----> ----> 3.13 APU P ----> ----> ----> 3.14 Radio, navigation equipment, instruments and FMS P ----> ----> ----> Intentionally left blank SECTION 4 — Abnormal and emergency procedures 4 Abnormal and emergency procedures (may be completed in an FSTD if qualified for the exercise) M A mandatory minimum of three items shall be selected from this section 4.1 Fire drills, engine, APU, cargo compartment, flight deck and electrical fires, including evacuation if applicable P ----> ----> ----> 4.2 Smoke control and removal P ----> ----> ----> 4.3 Engine failures, shutdown and restart: in particular phases of flight, inclusive multiple engine failure P ----> ----> ----> 4.4 Incapacitation of crew member P ----> ----> ----> 4.5 Transmission/gearbox malfunctions P ----> ----> ----> FFS only 4.6 Other emergency procedures as outlined in the appropriate flight manual P ----> ----> ----> SECTION 5 — Instrument Flight Procedures (to be performed in IMC or simulated IMC) 5.1 Instrument take-off: transition to instrument flight is required as soon as possible after becoming airborne P* ---->* ---->* ---->* 5.1.1 Simulated engine failure during departure P* ---->* ---->* ---->* M* 5.2 Adherence to departure and arrival routes and ATC instructions P* ---->* ---->* ---->* M* 5.3 Holding procedures P* ---->* ---->* ---->* 5.4 Precision approach down to a decision height not less than 60 m (200 ft) P* ---->* ---->* ---->* 5.4.1 Manually, without flight director P* ---->* ---->* ---->* M* (Skill test only) 5.4.2 Manually, with flight director P* ---->* ---->* ---->* 5.4.3 With use of autopilot P* ---->* ---->* ---->* 5.4.4 Manually, with one engine simulated inoperative; engine failure has to be simulated during final approach before passing the OM and continued to touchdown or until completion of the missed approach procedure P* ---->* ---->* ---->* M* 5.5 Non-precision approach down to the MDA/H P* ---->* ---->* ---->* M* 5.6 Go-around with all engines operating on reaching DA/H or MDA/MDH P* ---->* ---->* ---->* 5.6.1 Other missed approach procedures P* ---->* ---->* ---->* 5.6.2 Go-around with one engine simulated inoperative on reaching DA/H or MDA/MDH P* M* 5.7 Recovery from unusual attitudes (this one depends on the quality of the FFS) P* ---->* ---->* ---->* M* SECTION 6 — Additional authorisation on a type rating for instrument approaches down to a decision height of less than 60 m (200 ft) (CAT II/III) 6 Additional authorisation on a type rating for instrument approaches down to a decision height of less than 60 m (200 ft) (CAT II/III). The following manoeuvres and procedures are the minimum training requirements to permit instrument approaches down to a DH of less than 60 m (200 ft). During the following instrument approaches and missed approach procedures, all airship equipment required for the type certification of instrument approaches down to a DH of less than 60 m (200 ft) shall be used. 6.1 Rejected take-off at minimum authorised RVR P ----> M* 6.2 ILS approaches: in simulated instrument flight conditions down to the applicable DH, using flight guidance system. SOPs of crew coordination shall be observed. P ----> M* 6.3 Go-around After approaches as indicated in 6.2 on reaching DH. The training shall also include a go-around due to (simulated) insufficient RVR, wind shear, aircraft deviation in excess of approach limits for a successful approach, ground/airborne equipment failure prior to reaching DH and, go-around with simulated airborne equipment failure. P ----> M* 6.4 Landing(s): with visual reference established at DH following an instrument approach. Depending on the specific flight guidance system, an automatic landing shall be performed P ----> M* SECTION 7 — Optional equipment 7 Use of optional equipment P ----> | | | | | | | |

| SECTION 6 — Additional authorisation on a type rating for instrument approaches down to a decision height of less than 60 m (200 ft) (CAT II/III) | | | | | | | | |

| 6 | Additional authorisation on a type rating for instrument approaches down to a decision height of less than 60 m (200 ft) (CAT II/III). The following manoeuvres and procedures are the minimum training requirements to permit instrument approaches down to a DH of less than 60 m (200 ft). During the following instrument approaches and missed approach procedures, all airship equipment required for the type certification of instrument approaches down to a DH of less than 60 m (200 ft) shall be used. | | | | | | | |

| 6.1 | Rejected take-off at minimum authorised RVR | | P | ----> | | | M* | |

| 6.2 | ILS approaches: in simulated instrument flight conditions down to the applicable DH, using flight guidance system. SOPs of crew coordination shall be observed. | | P | ----> | | | M* | |

| 6.3 | Go-around After approaches as indicated in 6.2 on reaching DH. The training shall also include a go-around due to (simulated) insufficient RVR, wind shear, aircraft deviation in excess of approach limits for a successful approach, ground/airborne equipment failure prior to reaching DH and, go-around with simulated airborne equipment failure. | | P | ----> | | | M* | |

| 6.4 | Landing(s): with visual reference established at DH following an instrument approach. Depending on the specific flight guidance system, an automatic landing shall be performed | | P | ----> | | | M* | |

| SECTION 7 — Optional equipment | | | | | | | | |

| 7 | Use of optional equipment | | P | ----> | | | | |

(¹) Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/395 of 13 March 2018 laying down detailed rules for the operation of balloons pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 71, 14.3.2018, p. 10).

(²) Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976 of 14 December 2018 laying down detailed rules for the operation of sailplanes pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 326, 20.12.2018, p. 64).

(³) Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/1065 of 27 July 2018 amending Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 as regards the automatic validation of Union flight crew licences and take-off and landing training (OJ L 192, 30.7.2018, p. 31).

(⁴) OJ L 243, 27.9.2003, p. 6.

(⁵) Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2018 on common rules in the field of civil aviation and establishing a European Union Aviation Safety Agency, and amending Regulations (EC) No 2111/2005, (EC) No 1008/2008, (EU) No 996/2010, (EU) No 376/2014 and Directives 2014/30/EU and 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Regulations (EC) No 552/2004 and (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Regulation (EEC) No 3922/91 (OJ L 212, 22.8.2018, p. 1).

(⁶) Regulation (EU) No 376/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 on the reporting, analysis and follow-up of occurrences in civil aviation, amending Regulation (EU) No 996/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Directive 2003/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Regulations (EC) No 1321/2007 and (EC) No 1330/2007 (OJ L 122, 24.4.2014, p. 18).

(⁷) Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2000 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data by the Community institutions and bodies and on the free movement of such data (OJ L 8, 12.1.2001, p. 1).