LegalizeReform history
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down technical requirements and administrative procedures related to civil aviation aircrew pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council Text with EEA relevance
27 versions
· 2011-11-03
2026-02-22
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2025-12-02
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2025-08-04
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2025-05-01
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
Changes on 2025-05-01
@@ -55,6 +55,10 @@
(8) ‘Conversion report’ means a report on the basis of which a licence may be converted into a Part-FCL licence;
(8a) ‘rotorcraft’ means a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft that depends principally for its support in flight on the lift generated by up to two rotors;
(8b) ‘vertical take-off and landing (VTOL)-capable aircraft (VCA)’ means a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft, other than aeroplane or rotorcraft, capable of performing vertical take-off and landing by means of lift and thrust units used to provide lift during take-off and landing;
(8c) ‘SEP aeroplane’ means a single-engine, single-pilot aeroplane for which no type rating is required and whose single centric propulsion unit is operated by a single thrust control and driven by either of the following types of engine:
(a) a piston engine;
(b) an electric engine system which, if so specified following the certification process in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 748/2012, may consist of more than one electric engine;
@@ -232,6 +236,76 @@
(b) have completed the training specified in point FCL.735.H of Part-FCL;
(c) have experience in multi-pilot operation in helicopters at a level that is acceptable to the competent authority of that Member State.
#### Article 4f
##### Type ratings for VCA
Applicants that hold a commercial pilot licence for aeroplanes (CPL(A)) or helicopters (CPL(H)) in accordance with Annex I (Part-FCL) shall be entitled to be issued with a type rating for a VCA and shall exercise the privileges of such a type rating, provided they comply with all the following:
(a) the prerequisites specified in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part 21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012;
(b) Section 1 of Subpart H of Annex I (Part-FCL) and the provisions of this Article.
Type rating training, skill tests and proficiency checks for aircraft specified in paragraph 1 shall:
(a) comply with the following requirements of Appendix 9 to Annex I (Part-FCL):
(i) Section A;
(ii) Sections B, C or D, as determined and unless otherwise specified in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part 21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012; and
(b) under the conditions and to the extent specified in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part 21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012, include additional training and testing to allow applicants to obtain the competence to operate the relevant VCA.
By way of derogation from the paragraphs above, applicants that hold a CPL(A) or a CPL(H) and that were involved in test flights for a particular type of VCA shall be issued with a type rating for that aircraft, provided they comply with all the following:
(a) they comply with the flight conditions for acting as test pilot in the relevant VCA type, as established in accordance with Annex I (Part 21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012;
(b) they have completed either 50 hours of total flight time or 10 hours of flight time as pilot-in-command on test flights in the relevant VCA type;
(c) they comply with the prerequisites referred to in paragraph 1(a).
The validity period of type ratings issued in accordance with this Article shall be 1 year. Holders shall do all the following:
(a) in order to revalidate the type rating:
(i) within the validity period of the rating, complete at least 2 hours of flight time as pilot of the relevant VCA type;
(ii) within the 3 months immediately preceding the expiry date of the rating and in the relevant VCA type or an FSTD representing that aircraft, pass a proficiency check in accordance with paragraph 3, the duration of which may be counted towards the flight time specified in paragraph (a)(i). If applicants choose to pass the proficiency check earlier than within these 3 months, the new validity period shall commence from the date of the proficiency check;
(b) in order to renew the type rating, comply with point FCL.740(b) of Annex I (Part-FCL).
Holders of a licence and a type rating as specified in paragraph 1 shall be entitled to operate the relevant VCA under instrument flight rules, provided they comply with all the following:
(a) they hold an IR(A) or an IR(H), as applicable;
(b) they have, in the relevant VCA type, completed the skill test or the proficiency check, as applicable, in accordance with paragraph 3 including the content relevant for instrument flight.
Notwithstanding point FCL.900(b) of Annex I (Part-FCL), applicants that hold an instructor certificate in accordance with Annex I (Part-FCL) with privileges to provide training for aeroplane or helicopter type ratings shall be issued with privileges to provide training for type ratings specified in paragraph 1, provided they:
(a) hold a type rating as per paragraph 1 for the relevant VCA type;
(b) unless otherwise specified in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part 21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012, have, within the 12 months preceding the application, completed at least 30 route sectors, including take-offs and landings, as pilot-in-command in the relevant VCA type, of which 15 route sectors may be completed in an FSTD representing that VCA type;
(c) have completed, at an ATO, theoretical and practical training for extending instructor privileges to that VCA type, including mandatory training elements as specified in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part 21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012;
(d) pass the relevant sections of the assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935 of Annex I (Part-FCL).
By way of derogation from paragraphs (b), (c) and (d), applicants that hold a TRI(A) certificate or a TRI(H) certificate and that were issued with a type rating for a VCA in accordance with paragraph 4, shall receive an extension of their TRI privileges to that VCA type.
Holders of instructor privileges referred to in paragraph 7 shall receive revalidation or renewal, as applicable, of these privileges when they comply with the relevant revalidation or renewal requirements of Subpart J of Annex I (Part-FCL), as applicable for the instructor certificate held, and additionally do either of the following:
(a) complete, at an ATO, instructor refresher training that focuses on the privileges as per paragraph 7;
(b) pass the relevant sections of the assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935 of Annex I (Part-FCL) in the relevant VCA type specified in paragraph 1 or an FSTD representing that type.
Notwithstanding point FCL.1000(b) of Annex I (Part-FCL), applicants that hold an examiner certificate in accordance with Annex I (Part-FCL) with privileges to act as an examiner for aeroplane or helicopter type ratings shall be issued with privileges to conduct skill tests and proficiency checks for an VCA type specified in paragraph 1, provided they hold instructor privileges as per paragraph 7 for the relevant VCA type and comply with all the following in the relevant VCA type or an FSTD representing that type:
(a) complete examiner standardisation in accordance with point FCL.1015 of Annex I (Part-FCL), including the conduct of at least one skill test or proficiency check;
(b) pass the relevant sections of the assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.1020 of Annex I (Part-FCL).
Holders of examiner privileges referred to in paragraph 9 shall receive revalidation or renewal, as applicable, of these privileges when they comply with the relevant parts of point FCL.1025 of Annex I (Part-FCL) and additionally do either of the following:
(a) complete an examiner refresher course in accordance with point FCL.1025(b)(2) of Annex I (Part-FCL) that focuses on the privileges as per paragraph 9;
(b) pass the relevant sections of the assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.1020 of Annex I (Part-FCL) in the relevant VCA type or an FSTD representing that type.
#### Article 4h
@@ -505,7 +579,8 @@
(e) The demonstration of language proficiency and the use of the English language for IR holders shall be done through a method of assessment established by any competent authority.
(b) Aeroplanes, helicopters, powered-lift aircraft and airships. A pilot shall not operate an aircraft in commercial air transport or to carry passengers:
(b) Aeroplanes, helicopters, powered-lift aircraft, airships and VTOL-capable aircraft (VCA).
A pilot shall not operate an aircraft in commercial air transport or to carry passengers:
(c) Specific requirements for commercial air transport:
@@ -1580,17 +1655,17 @@
(2) completed the relevant parts of the technical training and the flight instruction parts of the applicable TRI course;
(3) The privileges of TRIs shall be extended to further variants, provided that they comply with point FCL.710 in those other variants and, where applicable, the elements set out in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part 21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 for those variants.
The privileges of TRIs shall be extended to further variants in accordance with the OSD if TRIs have completed the relevant parts of the technical training and flight instruction parts of the applicable TRI course.
(3) passed the relevant sections of the assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935 in order to demonstrate to an FIE or a TRE qualified in accordance with Subpart K to this Annex their ability to instruct a pilot to the level required for the issue of a type rating, including pre-flight, post-flight and theoretical knowledge instruction.
The privileges of TRIs shall be extended to further variants, provided that they comply with point FCL.710 in those other variants and, where applicable, the elements set out in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part 21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 for those variants.
(c)TRIs for helicopters — TRI(H).
(1) The privileges of TRIs(H) are restricted to the type of helicopter in which the assessment of competence for the issue of the TRI certificate was taken. Unless otherwise determined in the OSD, the privileges of the TRIs shall be extended to further types if TRIs have:
(i) completed the relevant parts of the technical training and flight instruction parts of the TRI course;
(ii) completed within the 12 months preceding the date of application, at least 10 hours on the applicable helicopter type, of which a maximum of 5 hours may be completed in an FFS or FTD 2/3; and
(iii) The privileges of TRIs shall be extended to further variants, provided that they comply with point FCL.710 in those other variants and, where applicable, the elements set out in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part 21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 for those variants.
The privileges of TRIs shall be extended to further variants in accordance with the OSD if TRIs have competed the relevant parts of the technical training and flight instruction parts of the applicable TRI course.
(iii) passed the relevant sections of the assessment of competence in accordance with point FCL.935 in order to demonstrate to an FIE or a TRE qualified in accordance with Subpart K of this Annex their ability to instruct a pilot to the level required for the issue of a type rating, including pre-flight, post-flight and theoretical knowledge instruction.
The privileges of TRIs shall be extended to further variants, provided that they comply with point FCL.710 in those other variants and, where applicable, the elements set out in the operational suitability data established in accordance with Annex I (Part 21) to Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 for those variants.
(2) In order to extend the privileges of a TRI(H) to multi-pilot operations in the same type of single-pilot helicopters, the holder shall have at least 350 hours of flight time as a pilot in multi-pilot operations in any aircraft category or have at least 100 hours of flight time as a pilot in multi-pilot operations on the specific type within the last 2 years.
@@ -6252,11 +6327,11 @@
#### Upon receiving a notification of a change to the information contained in the declaration of a DTO, the competent authority shall act in accordance with point ARA.DTO.100.
#### (a) Upon receiving the training programmes of a DTO, and any changes thereto, notified to it in accordance with point DTO.GEN.115(c) of Annex VIII (Part-DTO) or the application for approval of the training programmes of a DTO submitted to it in accordance with point DTO.GEN.230(c) of that Annex, the competent authority shall verify the compliance of those training programmes with the requirements of Annex I (Part-FCL), Annex III (Part-BFCL) to Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/395 and Annex III (Part-SFCL) to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976, as applicable.
#### (b) When satisfied that the DTO training programme, and any subsequent changes thereto, are in compliance with those requirements, the competent authority shall inform the representative of the DTO thereof in writing or, in the case referred to in point DTO.GEN.230(c) of Annex VIII (Part-DTO), approve the training programme. For such approval it shall use the form contained in Appendix VIII to this Annex (Part-ARA).
#### (c) In case of any non-compliance, the competent authority shall act in accordance with point ARA.GEN.350(da) or, in the case referred to in point DTO.GEN.230(c) of Annex VIII (Part-DTO), reject the application for approval of the training programme.
(a) Upon receiving the training programmes of a DTO, and any changes thereto, notified to it in accordance with point DTO.GEN.115(c) of Annex VIII (Part-DTO) or the application for approval of the training programmes of a DTO submitted to it in accordance with point DTO.GEN.230(c) of that Annex, the competent authority shall verify the compliance of those training programmes with the requirements of Annex I (Part-FCL), Annex III (Part-BFCL) to Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/395 and Annex III (Part-SFCL) to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1976, as applicable.
(b) When satisfied that the DTO training programme, and any subsequent changes thereto, are in compliance with those requirements, the competent authority shall inform the representative of the DTO thereof in writing or, in the case referred to in point DTO.GEN.230(c) of Annex VIII (Part-DTO), approve the training programme. For such approval it shall use the form contained in Appendix VIII to this Annex (Part-ARA).
(c) In case of any non-compliance, the competent authority shall act in accordance with point ARA.GEN.350(da) or, in the case referred to in point DTO.GEN.230(c) of Annex VIII (Part-DTO), reject the application for approval of the training programme.
Appendix I
@@ -6289,10 +6364,130 @@
Cover page
[Text of image](javascript:void(0);)
Competent authority name and logo
(English and any language(s) determined by the competent authority)
EUROPEAN UNION
#### (English only)
FLIGHT CREW LICENCE
(English and any language(s) determined by the competent authority)
Issued in accordance with Part-FCL
This licence complies with ICAO standards, except for the LAPL and EIR privileges
(English and any language(s) determined by the competent authority)
EASA Form 141 Issue 2
Requirements
“European Union” to be deleted for non-EU Member States
Size of each page shall be one eighth A4
Page 2
[Text of image](javascript:void(0);)
I
State of issue
Requirements
III
Licence number
Serial number of the licence will always commence with the UN country code of the State of licence issue followed by “.FCL.”.
IV
Last and first name of holder
IVa
Date of birth (see instructions)
Standard date format is to be used, dd/mm/yyyy in full.
XIV
Place of birth
V
Address of holder:
Street, town, area, postal code
VI
#### Nationality
VII
Signature of holder
VIII
Issuing competent authority
E.g. This CPL(A) has been issued on the basis of an ATPL issued by (third county)
X
Signature of issuing officer and date
XI
Seal or stamp of issuing competent authority
Page 3
[Text of image](javascript:void(0);)
II
Title of the licence, date of initial issue and country code
Abbreviations used will be as used in Part-FCL (e.g. PPL(H), ATPL(A), etc.)
Standard date format is to be used, dd/mm/yyyy in full.
IX
Validity: The privileges of the licence shall be exercised only if the holder has a valid medical certificate for the required privilege.
A document containing a photo shall be carried for the purposes of identification of the licence holder.
#### This document is not specified, but a passport would suffice when outside the State of licence issue.
XII
Radiotelephony privileges: The holder of this licence has demonstrated competence to operate R/T equipment on board aircraft in (specify the language(s)).
XIII
Remarks:
Language Proficiency:
(language(s)/level/validity date)
All additional licensing information required and privileges established by ICAO, EC or EU Directives/Regulations to be entered here.
Language proficiency endorsement(s), level and validity date shall be included.
In case of LAPL: LAPL not issued in accordance with ICAO standards
Additional pages — Requirements:
Pages 1, 2, and 3 of the licence shall be in accordance with the format laid down in the model in this point. The competent authority shall include additional customized pages containing tables which shall contain at least the following information:
@@ -6315,13 +6510,43 @@
Operational limitations shall be entered in ‘Remarks and Restrictions’ against the appropriate restricted privilege, e.g. IR skill test taken with co-pilot, restricted instruction privileges to 1 aircraft type.
## Ratings that are not validated may be removed from the licence by the competent authority.
### Appendix II to ANNEX VI PART-ARA
### **Standard EASA format for cabin crew attestations**
### Cabin crew attestations issued in accordance with Part-CC in a Member State shall conform to the following specifications:
Ratings that are not validated may be removed from the licence by the competent authority.
Appendix II to ANNEX VI PART-ARA
**Standard EASA format for cabin crew attestations**
Cabin crew attestations issued in accordance with Part-CC in a Member State shall conform to the following specifications:
[Text of image](javascript:void(0);)
1. CABIN CREW ATTESTATION
Issued in accordance with Part-CC
2. Reference number:
3. State of issue:
4. Full name of holder:
5. Date and place of birth:
6. Nationality:
7. Signature of holder:
8. Competent authority:
9. Issuing body: Official seal, Stamp or Logo
## 10. Signature of issuing officer:
### 11. Date of issue:
### 12. The holder may only exercise the privileges to act as cabin crew on aircraft engaged in commercial air transport operations if he/she complies with the requirements in Part-CC for continuous fitness and valid aircraft type qualifications.
### EASA Form 142 Issue 1
#### Instructions:
@@ -6396,15 +6621,15 @@
(a) the ATO certificate has not been surrendered, superseded, limited, suspended or revoked; and
## (b) all operations are conducted in compliance with Part-ORA, Part-FCL, Part-BFCL, Part-SFCL [ADJUST AS APPLICABLE], other applicable regulations, and, when relevant, with the procedures in the organisation’s documentation as required by Part-ORA.
### Date of issue:
### Signed: [Competent Authority]
### For the Member State/EASA
#### EASA Form 143 Issue 3 – page 2/2
(b) all operations are conducted in compliance with Part-ORA, Part-FCL, Part-BFCL, Part-SFCL [ADJUST AS APPLICABLE], other applicable regulations, and, when relevant, with the procedures in the organisation’s documentation as required by Part-ORA.
Date of issue:
Signed: [Competent Authority]
For the Member State/EASA
EASA Form 143 Issue 3 – page 2/2
Appendix IV to ANNEX VI PART-ARA
@@ -6415,6 +6640,154 @@
EASA Form 145 shall be used for the FSTD qualification certificate. This document shall contain the FSTD Specification including any limitation(s) and special authorisation(s) or approval(s) as appropriate to the FSTD concerned. The qualification certificate shall be printed in English and in any other language(s) determined by the competent authority.
Convertible FSTDs shall have a separate qualification certificate for each aircraft type. Different engine and equipment fit on one FSTD shall not require separate qualification certificates. All qualification certificates shall carry a serial number prefixed by a code in letters, which shall be specific to that FSTD. The letter code shall be specific to the competent authority of issue.
[Text of image](javascript:void(0);)
European Union (*)
Competent Authority
FLIGHT SIMULATION TRAINING DEVICE QUALIFICATION CERTIFICATE
REFERENCE:
Pursuant to Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 and subject to the conditions specified below, the [competent authority] hereby certifies that
FSTD [TYPE AND LETTER CODE]
located at [NAME and ADDRESS OF THE ORGANISATION]
has satisfied the qualification requirements prescribed in Part-OR, subject to the conditions of the attached FSTD specification
This qualification certificate shall remain valid subject to the FSTD and the holder of the qualification certificate remaining in compliance with the applicable requirements of Part-OR, unless it has been surrendered, superseded, suspended or revoked.
Date of issue: …
Signed: …
(*) “European Union” to be deleted for non-EU Member States.
EASA Form 145 Issue 1 – page 1/2
[Text of image](javascript:void(0);)
[competent authority]
FSTD QUALIFICATION CERTIFICATE: [Reference]
FSTD SPECIFICATIONS
A. Type or variant of aircraft:
B. FSTD qualification level:
C. Primary reference document:
D. Visual system:
E. Motion system:
F. Engine fit:
G. Instrument fit:
H. ACAS fit:
I. Windshear:
J. Additional capabilities:
K. Restrictions or limitations:
L. Guidance information for training, testing and checking considerations
CAT I
RVR
m
DH
ft
CAT II
RVR
m
DH
ft
CAT III
RVR
m
DH
ft
(lowest minimum)
LVTO
RVR
m
Recency
IFR-training/check
/
Type rating
Proficiency checks
Autocoupled approach
Autoland/roll out guidance
/
ACAS I/II
/
Windshear warning system/predictive windshear
/
WX-radar
HUD/HUGS
/
## FANS
### GPWS/EGPWS
### /
### ETOPS capability
#### GPS
Other
Date of issue: …
Signed: …
For the Member State/EASA
EASA Form 145 Issue 1 – page 2/2
Appendix V to ANNEX VI PART-ARA
2025-02-13
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2024-12-02
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2024-08-14
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2022-10-30
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2022-06-20
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2022-01-31
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2021-09-08
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2021-01-12
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2020-06-22
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2020-04-08
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2019-12-21
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2019-11-11
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2019-04-08
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2019-01-30
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2019-01-09
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2018-09-02
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2018-08-25
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2018-04-08
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2016-04-08
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2015-04-08
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2014-04-03
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2014-02-17
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying down
2012-04-08
Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 of 3 November 2011 laying do
original version
Text at this date