Resolução da Assembleia da República n.º 45/98 — Aprova, para adesão, as emendas ao anexo à Convenção Internacional sobre Normas de Formação, de Certificação e de…

Training procedures

7 - In conducting mandatory simulator-based training, instructors shall ensure that:

1) Trainees are adequately briefed beforehand on the exercise objectives and tasks and are given sufficient planning time before the exercise starts;

2) Trainees have adequate familiarization time on the simulator and with its equipment before any training or assessment exercise commences;

3) Guidance given and exercise stimuli are appropriate to the selected exercise objectives and tasks and to the level of trainee experience;

4) Exercises are effectively monitored, supported as appropriate by audio and visual observation of trainee activity and pre and post exercise evaluation reports;

5) Trainees are effectively debriefed to ensure that training objectives have been met and that operational skills demonstrated are of an acceptable standard;

6) The use of peer assessment during debriefing is encouraged; and

7) Simulator exercises are designed and tested so as to ensure their suitability for the specified training objectives.

Assessment procedures

8 - Where simulators are used to assess the ability of candidates to demonstrate levels of competency, assessors shall ensure that:

1) Performance criteria are identified clearly and explicitly and are valid and available to the candidates;

2) Assessment criteria are established clearly and are explicit to ensure reliability and uniformity of assessment and to optimise objective measurement and evaluation, so that subjective judgements are kept to the minimum;

3) Candidates are briefed clearly on the tasks and/or skills to be assessed and on the tasks and performance criteria by which their competency will be determined;

4) Assessment of performance takes into account normal operating procedures and any behavioural interaction with other candidates on the simulator or simulator staff;

5) Scoring or grading methods to assess performance are used with caution until they have been validated; and

6) The prime criterion is that a candidate demonstrates the ability to carry out a task safely and effectively to the satisfaction of the assessor.

Qualifications of instructors and assessors

9 - Each Party shall ensure that instructors and assessors are appropriately qualified and experienced for the particular types and levels of training and corresponding assessment of competence as specified in regulation I/6 and section A-I/6.

SECTION A-I/13

Conduct of trials

(No provisions.)

SECTION A-I/14

Responsibilities of companies

1 - Companies, masters and crew members each have responsibility for ensuring that the obligations set out in this section are given full and complete effect and that such other measures as may be necessary are taken to ensure that each crew member can make a knowledgeable and informed contribution to the safe operation of the ship.

2 - The company shall provide written instructions to the master of each ship to which the Convention applies, setting forth the policies and the procedures to be followed to ensure that all seafarers who are newly employed on board the ship are given a reasonable opportunity to become familiar with the shipboard equipment, operating procedures and other arrangements needed for the proper performance of their duties, before being assigned to those duties. Such policies and procedures shall include:

1) Allocation of a reasonable period of time during which each newly employed seafarer will have an opportunity to become acquainted with:

1.1) The specific equipment the seafarer will be using or operating, and;

1.2) Ship specific watchkeeping, safety, environmental protection and emergency procedures and arrangements the seafarer needs to know to perform the assigned duties properly; and

2) Designation of a knowledgeable crew member who will be responsible for ensuring that an opportunity is provided to each newly employed seafarer to receive essential information in a language the seafarer understands.

SECTION A-I/15

Transitional provisions

(No provisions.)

CHAPTER II

Standards regarding the master and deck department

SECTION A-II/1

Mandatory minimum requirements for certification of officers in charge of a navigational watch on ships of 500 gross tonnage or more

Standard of competence

1 - Every candidate for certification shall:

1) Be required to demonstrate the competence to undertake at operational level, the tasks, duties and responsibilities listed in column 1 of table A-II/1;

2) At least hold an appropriate certificate for performing VHF radiocommunications in accordance with the requirements of the Radio Regulations; and

3) If designated to have primary responsibility for radiocommunications during distress incidents, hold an appropriate certificate issued or recognized under the provisions of the Radio Regulations.

2 - The minimum knowledge, understanding and proficiency required for certification is listed in column 2 of table A-II/1.

3 - The level of knowledge of the subjects listed in column 2 of table A-II/1 shall be sufficient for officers of the watch to carry out their watchkeeping duties.

4 - Training and experience to achieve the necessary level of theoretical knowledge, understanding and proficiency shall be based on section A-VIII/1, part 3.1, «Basic principles to be observed in keeping a navigational watch», and shall also take into account the relevant requirements of this part and the guidance given in part B of this Code.

5 - Every candidate for certification shall be required to provide evidence of having achieved the required standard of competence in accordance with the methods for demonstrating competence and the criteria for evaluating competence tabulated in columns 3 and 4 of table A-II/1.

On-board training

6 - Every candidate for certification as officer in charge of a navigational watch of ships of 500 gross tonnage or more whose seagoing service, in accordance with subparagraph 2.2) of regulation II/1, forms part of a training programme approved as meeting the requirements of this section shall follow an approved programme of on-board training which:

1) Ensures that during the required period of seagoing service the candidate receives systematic practical training and experience in the tasks, duties and responsibilities of an officer in charge of a navigational watch, taking into account the guidance given in section B-II/1 of this Code;

2) Is closely supervised and monitored by qualified officers aboard the ships in which the approved seagoing service is performed; and

3) Is adequately documented in a training record book or similar document.

Near-coastal voyages

7 - The following subjects may be omitted from those listed in column 2 of table A-II/1 for issue of restricted certificates for service on near-coastal voyages, bearing in mind the safety of all ships which may be operating in the same waters:

1) Celestial navigation; and

2) Those electronic systems of position fixing and navigation that do not cover the waters for which the certificate is to be valid.

TABLE A-II/1

Specification of minimum standard of competence for officers in charge of a navigational watch on ships of 500 gross tonnage or more

(ver tabela no documento original)

SECTION A-II/2

Mandatory minimum requirements for certification of masters and chief mates of ships of 500 gross tonnage or more

Standard of competence

1 - Every candidate for certification as master or chief mate of ships of 500 gross tonnage or more shall be required to demonstrate the competence to undertake at the management level, the tasks, duties and responsibilities listed in column 1 of table A-II/2.

2 - The minimum knowledge, understanding and proficiency required for certification is listed in column 2 of table A-II/2. This incorporates, expands and extends in depth the subjects listed in column 2 of table A-II/1 for officers in charge of a navigational watch.

3 - Bearing in mind that the master has ultimate responsibility for the safety of the ship, its passengers, crew and cargo, and for the protection of the marine environment against pollution by the ship and that a chief mate shall be in a position to assume that responsibility at any time, assessment in these subjects shall be designed to test their ability to assimilate all available information that affects the safety of the ship, its passengers, crew or cargo, or the protection of the marine environment.

4 - The level of knowledge of the subjects listed in column 2 of table A-II/2 shall be sufficient to enable the candidate to serve in the capacity of master of chief mate.

5 - The level of theoretical knowledge, understanding and proficiency required under the different sections in column 2 of table A-II/2 may be varied according to whether the certificate is to be valid for ships of 3,000 gross tonnage or more or for ships of between 500 gross tonnage and 3,000 gross tonnage.

6 - Training and experience to achieve the necessary level of theoretical knowledge, understanding and proficiency shall take into account the relevant requirements of this part and the guidance given in parte B of this Code.

7 - Every candidate for certification shall be required to provide evidence of having achieved the required standard of competence in accordance with the methods for demonstrating competence and criteria for evaluating competence tabulated in columns 3 and 4 of table A-II/2.

Near-coastal voyages

8 - An Administration may issue a certificate restricted to service on ships engaged exclusively on near-coastal voyages and, for the issue of such a certificate, may exclude such subjects as are not applicable to the waters or ships concerned, bearing in mind the effect on the safety of all ships which may be operating in the same waters.

TABLE A-II/2

Specification of minimum standard of competence for masters and chief mates on ships of 500 gross tonnage or more

(ver tabela no documento original)

SECTION A-II/3

Mandatory minimum requirements for certification of officers in charge of a navigational watch and of masters on ships of less than 500 gross tonnage, engaged on near-coastal voyages

Officer in charge of a navigational watch

Standard of competence

1 - Every candidate of certification shall:

1) Be required to demonstrate the competence to undertake at operational level, the tasks, duties and responsibilities listed in column 1 of table A-II/3;

2) At least hold an appropriate certificate for performing VHF radiocommunications in accordance with the requirements of the Radio Regulations; and

3) If designated to have primary responsibility for radiocommunications during distress incidents, hold an appropriate certificate issued or recognized under the provisions of the Radio Regulations.

2 - The minimum knowledge, understanding and proficiency required for certification is listed in column 2 of table A-II/3.

3 - The level of knowledge of the subjects listed in column 2 of table A-II/3 shall be sufficient to enable the candidate to serve in the capacity of officer in charge of a navigational watch.

4 - Training and experience to achieve the necessary level of theoretical knowledge, understanding and proficiency shall be based on section A-VIII/1, part 3.1, «Basic principles to be observed in keeping a navigational watch», and shall also take into account the relevant requirements of this part and the guidance given in part B of this Code.

5 - Every candidate for certification shall be required to provide evidence of having achieved the required standard of competence in accordance with the methods for demonstrating competence and the criteria for evaluating competence tabulated in columns 3 and 4 of table A-II/3.

Special training

6 - Every candidate for certification as officer in charge of a navigational watch on ships of less than 500 gross tonnage, engaged on near-coastal voyages, who, in accordance with subparagraph 4.2.1, of regulation II/3, is required to have completed special training, shall follow an approved programme of on-board training which:

1) Ensures that during the required period of seagoing service the candidate receives systematic practical training and experience in the tasks, duties and responsibilities of an officer in charge of a navigational watch, taking into account the guidance given in section B-II/1 of this Code;

2) Is closely supervised and monitored by qualified officers on board the ships in which the approved seagoing service is performed; and

3) Is adequately documented in a training record book or similar document.

Master

7 - Every candidate for certification as master on ships of less than 500 gross tonnage, engaged on near-coastal voyages, shall meet the requirements for an officer in charge of a navigational watch set out below and, in addition, shall be required to provide evidence of kwnowledge and ability to carry out all the duties of such a master.

TABLE A-II/3

Specification of minimum standard of competence for officers in charge of a navigational watch and for masters on ships of less than 500 gross tonnage engaged on near-coastal voyages

(ver tabela no documento original)

SECTION A-II/4

Mandatory minimum requirements for ratings forming part of a navigational watch

Standard of competence

1 - Every rating forming part of a navigational watch on a seagoing ship of 500 gross tonnage or more shall be required to demonstrate the competence to perform the navigation function at the support level, as specified in column 1 of table A-II/4.

2 - The minimum knowledge, understanding and proficiency required of ratings forming part of a navigational watch on a seagoing ship of 500 gross tonnage or more is listed in column 2 of table A-II/4.

3 - Every candidate for certification shall be required to provide evidence of having achieved the required standard of competence in accordance with the methods for demonstrating competence and the criteria for evaluating competence specified in columns 3 and 4 of table A-II/4. The reference to «practical test» in column 3 may include approved shore-based training in which the students undergo practical testing.

4 - Where there are no tables of competence for the support level in respect to certain functions, it remains the responsibility of the Administration to determine the appropriate training, assessment and certification requirements to be applied to personnel designated to perform those functions at the support level.

TABLE A-II/4

Specification of minimum standard of competence for ratings forming part of a navigational watch

(ver tabela no documento original)

CHAPTER III

Standards regarding the engine department

SECTION A-III/1

Mandatory minimum requirements for certification of officers in charge of an engineering watch in a manned engine-room or designated duty engineers in a periodically unmanned engine-room.

Training

1 - The education and training required by subparagraph 2.3) of regulation III/1 shall include training in mechanical and electrical workshop skills relevant to the duties of an engineer officer.

On-board training

2 - Every candidate for certification as officer in charge of an engineering watch in a manned engine-room or as designated duty engineer in a periodically unmanned engine-room of ships powered by main propulsion machinery of 750 kW or more shall follow an approved programme of on-board training which:

1) Ensures that during the required period of seagoing service the candidate receives systematic practical training and experience in the tasks, duties and responsibilities of an officer in charge of an engine-room watch, taking into account the guidance given in section B-III/1 of this Code;

2) Is closely supervised and monitored by a qualified and certificated engineer officer aboard the ships in which the approved seagoing service is performed; and

3) Is adequately documented in a training record book.

Standard of competence

3 - Every candidate for certification as officer in charge of an engineering watch in a manned engine-room or as designated duty engineer in a periodically unmanned engine-room on a seagoing ship powered by main propulsion machinery of 750 kW propulsion power or more shall be required to demonstrate ability to undertake at the operational level, the tasks, duties and responsibilities listed in column 1 of table A-III/1.

4 - The minimum knowledge, understanding and proficiency required for certification is listed in column 2 of table A-III/1.

5 - The level of knowledge of the material listed in column 2 of table A-III/1 shall be sufficient for engineer officers to carry out their watchkeeping duties.

6 - Training and experience to achieve the necessary theoretical knowledge, understanding and proficiency shall be based on section A-VIII/1, part 3.2, «Principles to be observed in keeping an engineering watch», and shall take into account the relevant requirements of this part and the guidance given in parte B of this Code.

7 - Candidates for certification for service in ships in which steam boilers do not form part of their machinery may omit the relevant requirements of table A-III/1. A certificate awarded on such a basis shall not be valid for service on ships in which steam boilers form part of a ship's machinery until the engineer officer meets the standard of competence in the items omitted from table A-III/1. Any such limitation shall be stated on the certificate and in the endorsement.

8 - Every candidate for certification shall be required to provide evidence of having achieved the required standard of competence in accordance with the methods for demonstrating competence and the criteria for evaluating competence tabulated in columns 3 and 4 of table A-III/1.

Near-coastal voyages

9 - The requirements of subparagraphs 2.2) and 2.3) of regulation III/1 may be varied for engineer officers of ships powered by main propulsion machinery of less than 3,000 kW propulsion power engaged on near-coastal voyages, bearing in mind the effect on the safety of all ships which may be operating in the same waters. Any such limitation shall be stated on the certificate and in the endorsement.

TABLE A-III/1

Specification of minimum standard of competence for officers in charge of an engineering watch in a manned engine-room or designated duty engineers in a periodically unmanned engine-room

(ver tabela no documento original)

SECTION A-III/2

Mandatory minimum requirements for certification of chief engineer officers and second engineer officers on ships powered by main propulsion machinery of 3,000 kW propulsion power or more

Standard of competence

1 - Every candidate for certification as chief engineer officer and second engineer officer of seagoing ships powered by main propulsion machinery of 3,000 kW power or more shall be required to demonstrate ability to undertake at the management level, the tasks, duties and responsibilities listed in column 1 of table A-III/2.

2 - The minimum knowledge, understanding and proficiency required for certification is listed in column 2 of table A-III/2. This incorporates, expands and extends in depth the subjects listed in column 2 of table A-III/1 for officers in charge of an engineering watch.

3 - Bearing in mind that a second engineer officer shall be in a position to assume the responsibilities of the chief engineer officer at any time, assessment in these subjects shall be designed to test the candidate's ability to assimilate all available information that affects the safe operation of the ship's machinery and the protection of the marine environment.

4 - The level of knowledge of the subjects listed in column 2 of table A-III/2 shall be sufficient to enable the candidate to serve in the capacity of chief engineer officer or second engineer officer.

5 - Training and experience to achieve the necessary level of theoretical knowledge, understanding and proficiency shall take into account the relevant requirements of this part and the guidance given in part B of this Code.

6 - The Administration may omit knowledge requirements for types of propulsion machinery other than those machinery installations for which the certificate to be awarded shall be valid. A certificate awarded on such a basis shall not be valid for any category of machinery installation which has been omitted until the engineer officer proves to be competent in these knowledge requirements. Any such limitation shall be stated on the certificate and in the endorsement.

7 - Every candidate for certification shall be required to provide evidence of having achieved the required standard of competence in accordance with the methods for demonstrating competence and the criteria for evaluating competence tabulated in columns 3 and 4 of table A-III/2.

Near-coastal voyages

8 - The level of knowledge, understanding and proficiency required under the different sections listed in column 2 of table A-III/2 may be varied for officers of ships with limited propulsion power engaged on near-coastal voyages, as considered necessary, bearing in mind the effect on the safety of all ships which may be operating in the same waters. Any such limitation shall be stated on the certificate and in the endorsement.

TABLE A-III/2

Specification of minimum standard of competence for chief engineer officers and second engineer officers on ships powered by main propulsion machinery of 3,000 kW propulsion power or more

(ver tabela no documento original)

SECTION A-III/3

Mandatory minimum requirements for certification of chief engineer officers and second engineer officers on ships powered by main propulsion machinery of between 750 kW and 3,000 kW propulsion power.

Standard of competence

1 - Every candidate for certification as chief engineer officer and second engineer officer of seagoing ships powered by main propulsion machinery of between 750 kW and 3,000 kW power shall be required to demonstrate ability to undertake at management level, the tasks, duties and responsibilities listed in column 1 of table A-III/2.

2 - The minimum knowledge, understanding and proficiency required for certification is listed in column 2 of table A-III/1 for officers in charge of an engineering watch in a manned engine room or designated duty engineers in a periodically unmanned engine room.

3 - Bearing in mind that a second engineer officer shall be in a position to assume the responsibilities of the chief engineer officer at any time, assessment in these subjects shall be designed to test the candidate's ability to assimilate all available information that affects the safe operation of the ship's machinery and the protection of the marine environment.

4 - The level of knowledge of the subjects listed in column 2 of table A-III/2 may be lowered but shall be sufficient to enable the candidate to serve in the capacity of chief engineer officer or second engineer officer at the range of propulsion power specified in this section.

5 - Training and experience to achieve the necessary level of theoretical knowledge, understanding and proficiency shall take into account the relevant requirements of this part and the guidance given in part B of this Code.

6 - The Administration may omit knowledge requirements for types of propulsion machinery other than those machinery installations for which the certificate to be awarded shall be valid. A certificate awarded on such a basis shall not be valid of any category of machinery installation which has been omitted until the engineer officer proves to be competent in these items. Any such limitation shall be stated on the certificate and in the endorsement.

7 - Every candidate for certification shall be required to provide evidence of having achieved the required standard of competence in accordance with the methods for demonstrating competence and the criteria for evaluating competence tabulated in columns 3 and 4 of table A-III/2.

Near-coastal voyages

8 - The level of knowledge, understanding and proficiency required under the different sections listed in column 2 of table A-III/2 and the requirements of subparagraphs 2.1.1) and 2.1.2) of regulation III/3 may be varied for officers of ships engaged on near-coastal voyages, as considered necessary, bearing in mind the effect on the safety of all ships which may be operating in the same waters. Any such limitation shall be stated on the certificate and in the endorsement.

SECTION A-III/4

Mandatory minimum requirements for certification of ratings forming part of a watch in a manned engine-room or designated to perform duties in a periodically unmanned engine-room.

Standard of competence

1 - Every rating forming part of an engine-room watch on a seagoing ship shall be required to demonstrate the competence to perform the marine engineering function at the support level, as specified in column 1 of table A-III/4.

2 - The minimum knowledge, understanding and proficiency required of ratings forming part of an engine-room watch is listed in column 2 of table A-III/4.

3 - Every candidate for certification shall be required to provide evidence of having achieved the required standard of competence in accordance with the methods for demonstrating competence and the criteria for evaluating competence specified in columns 3 and 4 of table A-III/4. The reference to «practical test» in column 3 may include approved shore-based training in which the students undergo practical testing.

4 - Where there are no tables of competence for the support level in respect to certain functions, it remains the responsibility of the Administration to determine the appropriate training, assessment and certification requirements to be applied to personnel designated to perform those functions at the support level.

TABLE A-III/4

Specification of minimum standard of competence for ratings forming part of an engineering watch

Function: marine engineering at the support level

(ver tabela no documento original)

CHAPTER IV

Standards regarding radio personnel

SECTION A-IV/1

Application

(No provisions.)

SECTION A-IV/2

Mandatory minimum requirements for certification of GMDSS radio personnel

Standard of competence

1 - The minimum knowledge, understanding and proficiency required for certification of GMDSS radio personnel shall be sufficient for radio personnel to carry out their radio duties. The knowledge required for obtaining each type of certificate defined in the Radio Regulations shall be in accordance with those regulations. In addition, every candidate for certification shall be required to demonstrate ability to undertake the tasks, duties and responsibilities listed in column 1 of table A-IV/2.

2 - The knowledge, understanding and proficiency for endorsement under the Convention, of certificates issued under the provisions of the Radio Regulations are listed in column 2 of table A-IV/2.

3 - The level of knowledge of the subjects listed in column 2 of table A-IV/2 shall be sufficient for the candidate to carry out his duties.

4 - Every candidate shall provide evidence of having achieved the required standard of competence through:

1) Demonstration of competence to perform the tasks and duties and to assume responsibilities listed in column 1 of table A-IV/2, in accordance with the methods for demonstrating competence and the criteria for evaluating competence tabulated in columns 3 and 4 of that table; and

2) Examination or continuous assessment as part of an approved course of training based on the material set out in column 2 of table A-IV/2.

TABLE A-IV/2

Specification of minimum standard of competence for GMDSS radio operators

(ver tabela no documento original)

CHAPTER V

Standards regarding special training requirements for personnel on certain types of ships

SECTION A-V/I

Mandatory minimum requirements for the training and qualifications of masters, officers and ratings on tankers

Tanker familiarization course

1 - The tanker familiarization course referred to in subparagraph 1.2) of regulation V/1 shall cover at least the syllabus given in paragraphs 2 to 7 below.

Characteristics of cargoes

2 - An outline treatment including practical demonstration of the physical properties of oil, chemicals and gases carried in bulk; vapour pressure/temperature relationship; influence of pressure on boiling temperature; explanation of saturated vapour pressure, diffusion, partial pressure, flammability limits, flashpoint and auto-ignition temperature; practical significance of flashpoint and lower flammable limit; simple explanation of types of electrostatic charge generation; chemical symbols and structures; elements of the chemistry of acids and bases and chemical reactions of well-known groupings sufficient to enable proper utilization of codes.

Toxicity

3 - Simple explanation of principles and basic concepts; toxicity limits, both acute and chronic effects of toxicity, systemic poisons and irritants.

Hazards

4 - An explanation of hazards including:

1) Explosion and flammability hazards, flammability limits and sources of ignition and explosion;

2) Health hazards including the dangers of skin contact, inhalation and ingestion; oxygen deficiency with particular reference to inert gas systems; harmful properties of cargo carried; accidents to personnel and associated first aid do's and dont's;

3) Hazards to the environment, covering: the effect on human and marine life from the release of oil, chemicals or gases; effect of specific gravity and solubility; danger from vapour cloud drift; effect of vapour pressure and atmospheric conditions;

4) Reactivity hazards; self-reaction; polymerization; effects of temperature; impurities as catalysts; reaction with air, water and other chemicals; and

5) Corrosion hazards, covering: the dangers to personnel; attacks on constructional materials; effects of concentration and evolution of hydrogen.

Hazard control

5 - Inerting, water padding, drying agents and monitoring techniques; anti-static measures; ventilation; segregation; cargo inhibition and the importance of compatibility of materials.

Safety equipment and protection of personnel

6 - The function and calibration of measuring instruments and similar equipment; specialized fire-extinguishing appliances; breathing apparatus and tanker evacuating equipment; safe use or protective clothing and equipment; use of resuscitators and other rescue and escape equipment.

Pollution prevention

7 - Procedures to be followed to prevent air and water pollution and measures to be taken in the event of spillage, including the need to:

1) Immediately report all relevant information to the appropriate officials when a spill is detected or when a malfunction has occurred which poses a risk of a spill;

2) Promptly notify shore-based response personnel; and

3) Properly implement shipboard spill containment procedures.

Oil tanker training programme

8 - The specialized training programme referred to in subparagraph 2.2) of regulation V/1 appropriate to duties on oil tankers shall provide theoretical and pratical knowledge of the subjects specified in paragraphs 9 to 14 below.

Regulations and codes of practice

9 - Familiarization with the appropriate provisions of relevant international conventions; relevant international and national codes; the IMO Manual on Oil Pollution; relevant tanker safety guides and relevant port regulations as commonly applied.

Design and equipment of oil tankers

10 - Familiarization with piping, pumping, tank and deck arrangements; types of cargo pumps and their application to various types of cargo; tank cleaning, gas-freeing and inerting systems; cargo tank venting and accommodation ventilation; gauging systems and alarms; cargo heating systems; and the safety aspects of electrical systems.

Cargo characteristics

11 - Knowledge of the chemical and physical properties of different oil cargoes.

Ship operations

12 - Cargo calculations; loading and discharging plans; loading and discharge procedures including ship-to-ship transfers; checklists; use of monitoring equipment; importance of proper supervision of personnel; gas-freeing operations and tank cleaning operations; where appropriate, crude oil washing procedures and the operation and maintenance of inert gas systems; control of entry into pump-rooms and enclosed spaces; use of gas detecting and safety equipment; load-on-top and proper ballasting and de-ballasting procedures; air and water pollution prevention.

Repair and maintenance

13 - Precautions to be taken before and during repair and maintenance work, including that affecting pumping, piping, electrical and control systems; safety factors necessary in the performance of hot work; control of hot work and proper hot work procedures.

Emergency operations

14 - The importance of developing ship emergency plans; cargo operations emergency shutdown; action in the event of failure of services essential to cargo; fire-fighting on oil tankers; action following collision, stranding or spillage; medical first aid procedures and the use of resuscitation equipment; use of breathing apparatus for safe entry into and rescue from enclosed spaces.

Chemical tanker training programme

15 - The specialized training programme referred to in subparagraph 2.2) or regulation V/1 appropriate to duties on chemical tankers shall provide theoretical and pratical knowledge of the subjects specified in paragraphs 16 to 21 below.

Regulations and codes of practice

16 - Familiarization with relevant international conventions, and relevant IMO and national codes and with relevant tanker safety guides and relevant port regulations as commonly applied.

Design and equipment of chemical tankers

17 - A brief description of specialized piping, pumping and tank arrangements, overflow control; types of cargo pumps and their application to various types of cargo; tank cleaning and gas-freeing systems; cargo tank venting; vapour return systems; accommodation ventilation, airlocks; gauging systems and alarms; tank temperature control systems and alarms; the safety factors of electrical systems.

Cargo characteristics

18 - Sufficient knowledge of liquid chemical cargo characteristics to allow proper use of relevant cargo safety guides.

Ship operations

19 - Cargo calculations; loading and discharging plans; loading and discharge procedures; vapour return systems; checklists; use of monitoring equipment; gas-freeing operations and tank cleaning operations including proper use of absorption and wetting agents and detergents; use and maintenance of inert atmospheres; control of entry into pump-rooms and enclosed spaces; use of detecting and safety equipment; disposal of waste and washings.

Repair and maintenance

20 - Precautions to be taken before the repair and maintenance of pumping, piping, electrical and control systems.

Emergency operations

21 - The importance of developing ship emergency plans; cargo operations emergency shutdown; action in the event of failure of services essential to cargo; fire-fighting on chemical tankers; action following collision, stranding or spillage; medical first aid procedures and the use of resuscitation and decontamination equipment; use of breathing apparatus and escape equipment; safe entry into and rescue from enclosed spaces.

Liquefied gas tanker training programme

22 - The specialized training programme referred to in subparagraph 2.2) of regulation V/1 appropriate to the duties on liquefied gas tankers shall provide theoretical and pratical knowledge of the subjects specified in paragraphs 23 to 34 below.

Regulations and codes of practice

23 - Familiarization with relevant international conventions and relevant IMO, national and industry codes.

24 - Familiarization with the ship design and equipment of liquefied gas tankers; types of liquefied gas tankers; cargo containment sytems (construction, surveys); cargo-handling equipment (pumps, piping systems); cargo conditioning systems (warm-up, cool-down); tank atmosphere control systems (inert gas, nitrogen); instrumentation of cargo containment and handling systems; fire-fighting system and safety and rescue equipment.

Fire-fighting

25 - Advanced practical fire-fighting techniques and tactics applicable to gas tankers, including the use of water-spray systems.

Chemistry and physics

26 - An introduction to basic chemistry and physics as it relates to the safe carriage of liquefied gases in bulk in ships covering:

1) The properties and characteristics of liquefied gases and their vapours, including the definition of gas; simple gas laws; the gas equation; density of gases; diffusion and mixing of gases; compression of gases; liquefaction of gases; refrigeration of gases; critical temperature; the pratical significance of flashpoint; upper and lower explosive limits; auto-ignition temperature; compatibility of gases, reactivity; polymerization and inhibitors;

2) The properties of single liquids including densities of liquids and vapours; variation with temperature; vapour pressure and temperature; enthalpy; vaporization and boiling liquids; and

3) The nature and properties of solutions including the solubility of gases in liquids; miscibility between liquids and effects of temperature change; densities of solutions and dependence on temperature and concentration; effects of dissolved substances on melting and boiling points; hydrates, their formation and dispersion; hygroscopicity; drying of air and other gases; dew point and low temperature effects.

Health hazards

27 - Familiarization with health relevant to the carriage of liquefied gas covering:

1) Toxicity including the modes by which liquefied gases and their vapours may be toxic; the toxic properties of inhibitors and of products of combustion of both materials of construction and of liquefied gases carried; acute and chronic effects of toxicity, systemic poisons and irritants; and the Threshold Limiting Value (TLV);

2) Hazards of skin contact; inhalation and ingestion; and

3) Medical first aid and administering of antidotes.

Cargo containment

28 - Principles of containment systems; rules; surveys; tank construction, materials, coatings, insulation and compatibility.

Pollution

29 - Hazards to human life and to the marine environment; the effect of specific gravity and solubility; danger from vapour cloud drift and the jettisoning of cryogenic liquids.

Cargo handling systems

30 - A description of the main types of pumps and pumping arrangements and vapour return systems, piping systems and valves; an explanation of pressure, vacuum, suction, flow, head; filters and strainers; expansion devices; flame screens; commonly used inert gases; storage, generation and distribution systems; tempe-rature and pressure monitoring systems; cargo vent systems; liquid re-circulation and re-liquefaction systems; cargo gauging, instrumentation systems and alarms; gas detection and monitoring systems; CO(índice 2) monitoring systems; cargo boil-off systems and auxiliary systems.

Ship operating procedures

31 - Loading and discharging preparations and procedures; check lists; cargo condition maintenance on passage and in harbour; segregation of cargoes and procedures for cargo transfer; changing cargoes, tank cleaning procedures; cargo sampling; ballasting and de-ballasting; warm up and gas-freeing procedures; and procedures for cool-down of a gas-free system from ambient temperature and the safety precautions involved.

Safety practices and equipment

32 - The function, calibration and use of portable measuring instruments; fire-fighting equipment and procedures, breathing apparatus; resuscitators; escape sets; rescue equipment; protective clothing and equipment; entry into enclosed spaces; precautions to be observed before and during repair and maintenance of cargo and control systems; supervision of personnel during potentially hazardous operations; types and principles of certified safe electrical equipment and sources of ignition.

Emergency procedures

33 - The importance of developing ship emergency plans; emergency shutdown of cargo operations; emergency cargo valve closing systems; action to be taken in the event of failure of systems or services essential to cargo; and action to be taken following collision or stranding, spillage and envelopment of the ship in toxic or flammable vapour.

General principles of cargo operations

34 - Inerting cargo tank and avoid spaces; tank cool down and loading; operations during loaded and ballasted voyages; discharging and tank stripping and emergency procedures, including pre-planned action in the event of leaks, fire, collision, stranding, emergency cargo discharge and personnel casualty.

SECTION A-V/2

Mandatory minimum requirements for the training and qualifications of masters, officers, ratings and other personnel on ro-ro passenger ships.

Crowd management training

1 - The crowd management training required by regulation V/2, paragraph 4, for personnel designated on muster lists to assist passengers in emergency situations shall include, but not necessarily be limited to:

1) Awareness of life-saving appliance and control plans including:

1.1) Knowledge of muster lists and emergency instructions;

1.2) Knowledge of the emergency exits; and

1.3) Restrictions on the use of elevators;

2) The ability to assist passengers en route to muster and embarkation stations including:

2.1) The ability to give clear reassuring orders;

2.2) The control of passengers in corridors, staircases and passage ways;

2.3) Maintaining escape routes clear of obstructions;

2.4) Methods available for evacuation of disabled persons and persons needing special assistance; and

2.5) Search of accommodation spaces;

3) Mustering procedures including:

3.1) The importance of keeping order;

3.2) The ability to use procedures for reducing and avoiding panic;

3.3) The ability to use, where appropriate, passenger lists for evacuation counts; and

3.4) The ability to ensure that the passengers are sui-tably clothed and have donned their lifejackets correctly.

Familiarization training

2 - The familiarization training required by regulation V/2, paragraph 5, shall at least ensure attainment of the abilities that are appropriate to the capacity to be filled and the duties and responsibilities to be taken up, as follows:

Design and operational limitations:

1) Ability to properly understand and observe any operational limitations imposed on the ship, and to understand and apply performance restrictions, including speed limitations in adverse weather, which are intended to maintain the safety of life, ship and cargo;

Procedures for opening, closing and securing hull openings:

2) Ability to apply properly the procedures established for the ship regarding the opening, closing and securing of bow, stern, and side doors and ramps and to correctly operate the related systems;

Legislation, codes and agreements affecting ro-ro passenger ships:

3) Ability to understand and apply international and national requirements for ro-ro passenger ships relevant to the ship concerned and the duties to be performed;

Stability and stress requirements and limitations:

4) Ability to take proper account of stress limitations for sensitive parts of the ship such as bow doors and other closing devices that maintain watertight integrity and of special stability considerations which may affect the safety of ro-ro passenger ships;

Procedures for the maintenance of special equipment on ro-ro passenger ships:

5) Ability to apply properly the shipboard procedures for maintenance of equipment peculiar to ro-ro passenger ships such as bow, stern and side doors and ramps, scuppers and associated systems;

Loading and cargo securing manuals and calculators:

6) Ability to make proper use of the loading and securing manuals in respect of all types of vehicles and rail cars where applicable, and to calculate and apply stress limitations for vehicle decks;

Dangerous cargo areas:

7) Ability to ensure proper observance of special precautions and limitations applying to designated dangerous cargo areas;

Emergency procedures:

8) Ability to ensure proper application of any special procedures to:

8.1) Prevent or reduce the ingress of water on vehicle decks;

8.2) Remove water from vehicle decks; and

8.3) Minimise effects of water on vehicle decks.

Safety training for personnel providing direct service to passengers in passenger spaces

3 - The additional safety training required by regulation V/2, paragraph 6, shall at least ensure attainment of the abilities as follows:

Communication:

1) Ability to communicate with passengers during an emergency, taking into account:

1.1) The language or languages appropriate to the principal nationalities of passengers carried on the particular route;

1.2) The likelihood that an ability to use an elementary English vocabulary for basic instructions can provide a means of communicating with a passenger in need of assistance whether or not the passenger and crew member share a common language;

1.3) The possible need to communicate during an emergency by some other means such as by demonstration, or hand signals, or calling attention to the location of instructions, muster stations, life-saving devices or evacuation routes, when oral communication is impractical;

1.4) The extent to which complete safety instructions have been provided to passengers in their native language or languages; and

1.5) The languages in which emergency announcements may be broadcast during an emergency or drill to convey critical guidance to passengers and to facilitate crew members in assisting passengers;

Life-saving appliances:

2) Ability to demonstrate to passengers the use of personal life-saving appliances.

Passenger safety, cargo safety and hull integrity training

4 - The passenger safety, cargo safety and hull integrity training required by regulation V/2, paragraph 7, for masters, chief mates, chief engineer officers, second engineer officers and persons assigned immediate responsibility for embarking and disembarking passengers, loading, discharging or securing cargo or for closing hull openings, shall at least ensure attainment of the abilities that are appropriate to their duties and responsibilities as follows:

Loading and embarkation procedures:

1) Ability to apply properly the procedures established for the ship regarding:

1.1) Loading and discharging vehicles, rail cars and other cargo transport units, including related communications;

1.2) Lowering and hoisting ramps;

1.3) Setting up and stowing retractable vehicle decks; and

1.4) Embarking and disembarking passengers with special attention to disabled persons and persons needing assistance;

Carriage of dangerous goods:

2) Ability to apply any special safeguards, procedures and requirements regarding the carriage of dangerous goods on board ro-ro passenger ships;

Securing cargoes:

3) Ability to:

3.1) Apply correctly the provisions of the Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing to the vehicles, rail cars and other cargo transport units carried; and

3.2) Use properly the cargo securing equipment and materials provided, taking into account their limitations;

Stability, trim and stress calculations:

4) Ability to:

4.1) Make proper use of the stability and stress information provided;

4.2) Calculate stability and trim for different conditions of loading using the stability calculators or computer programmes provided;

4.3) Calculate load factors for decks; and

4.4) Calculate the impact of ballast and fuel transfers on stability, trim and stress;

Opening, closing and securing hull openings:

5) Ability to:

5.1) Apply properly the procedures established for the ship regarding the opening, closing and securing of bow, stern and side doors and ramps and to correctly operate the associated systems; and

5.2) Conduct surveys on proper sealing;

Ro-ro deck atmosphere:

6) Ability to:

6.1) Use equipment, where carried, to monitor atmosphere in ro-ro cargo spaces; and

6.2) Apply properly the procedures established for the ship for ventilation of ro-ro cargo spaces during loading and discharging of vehicles, while on voyage and in emergencies.

Crisis management and human behaviour training

5 - The crisis management and human behaviour training required by regulation V/2, paragraph 8, for masters, chief mates, chief engineer officers, second engineer officers and any person having responsibility for the safety of passengers in emergency situations shall be to the satisfaction of the Administration based on standards developed by the Organization.

CHAPTER VI

Standards regarding emergency, occupational safety, medical care and survival functions

SECTION A-VI/1

Mandatory minimum requirements for familiarization and basic safety training and instruction for all seafarers

Familiarization training

1 - Before being assigned to shipboard duties, all persons employed or engaged on a seagoing ship other than passengers, shall receive approved familiarization training in personal survival techniques or receive sufficient information and instruction, taking account of the guidance given in part B, to be able to:

1) Communicate with other persons on board on elementary safety matters and understand safety information symbols, signs and alarm signals;

2) Know what to do if:

2.1) A person falls overboard;

2.2) Fire or smoke is detected; or

2.3) The fire or abandon ship alarm is sounded;

3) Identify muster and embarkation stations and emergency escape routes;

4) Locate and don life-jackets;

5) Raise the alarm and have basic knowledge of the use of portable fire extinguishers;

6) Take immediate action upon encountering an accident or other medical emergency before seeking further medical assistance on board; and

7) Close and open the fire weathertight and watertight doors fitted in the particular ship other than those for hull openings.

Basic training

2 - Seafarers employed or engaged in any capacity on board ship on the business of that ship as part of the ship's complement with designated safety or pollution prevention duties in the operation of the ship shall, before being assigned to any shipboard duties:

1) Receive appropriate approved basic training or instruction in:

1.1) Personal survival techniques as set out in table A-VI/1-1;

1.2) Fire prevention and fire-fighting as set out in table A-VI/1-2;

1.3) Elementary first-aid as set out in table A-VI/1-3; and

1.4) Personal safety and social responsibilities as set out in table A-VI/1-4;

2) Be required to provide evidence of having achieved the required standard of competence to undertake the tasks, duties and responsibilities listed in column 1 of tables A-VI/1-1, A-VI/1-2, A-VI/1-3 and A-VI/1-4 within the previous five years through:

2.1) Demonstration of competence, in accordance with the methods and the criteria for evaluating competence tabulated in columns 3 and 4 of those tables; and

2.2) Examination or continuous assessment as part of an approved training programme in the subjects listed in column 2 of those tables.

3 - The Administration may, in respect of ships other than passenger ships of more than 500 gross tonnage engaged on international voyages and tankers, if it considers that a ship's size and the length or character of its voyage are such as to render the application of the full requirements of this section unreasonable or impracticable, exempt to that extent the seafarers on such a ship or class of ships from some of the requirements, bearing in mind the safety of people on board, the ship and property and the protection of the marine environment.

TABLE A-VI/1-1

Specification of minimum standard of competence in personal survival techniques

(ver tabela no documento original)

TABLE A-VI/1-2

Specification of minimum standard of competence in fire prevention and fire-fighting

(ver tabela no documento original)

TABLE A-VI/1-3

Specification of minimum standard of competence in elementary first aid

(ver tabela documento original)

TABLE A-VI/1-4

Specification of minimum standard of competence in personal safety and social responsibilities

(ver tabela no documento original)

SECTION A-VI/2

Mandatory minimum requirements for the issue of certificates of proficiency in survival craft, rescue boats and fast rescue boats

Proficiency in survival craft and rescue boats other than fast rescue boats

Standard of competence

1 - Every candidate for a certificate of proficiency in survival craft and rescue boats other than fast rescue boats shall be required to demonstrate competence to undertake the tasks, duties and responsibilities listed in column 1 of table A-VI/2-1.

2 - The level of knowledge of the subjects listed in column 2 of table A-VI/2-1 shall be sufficient to enable the candidate to launch and take charge of a survival craft or rescue boat in emergency situations.

3 - Training and experience to achieve the necessary level of theoretical knowledge, understanding and proficiency shall take account of the guidance given in part B of this Code.

4 - Every candidate for certification shall be required to provide evidence of having achieved the required standard of competence within the previous five years through:

1) Demonstration of competence to undertake the tasks, duties and responsibilities listed in column 1 of table A-VI/2-1, in accordance with the methods for demonstrating competence and the criteria for evaluating competence tabulated in columns 3 and 4 of that table; and

2) Examination or continuous assessment as part of an approved training programme covering the material set out in column 2 of table A-VI/2-1.

Proficiency in fast rescue boats

Standard of competence

5 - Every candidate for a certificate of proficiency in fast rescue boats shall be required to demonstrate competence to undertake the tasks, duties and responsibilities listed in column 1 of table A-VI/2-2.

6 - The level of knowledge of the subjects listed in column 2 of table A-VI/2-2 shall be sufficient to enable the candidate to launch and take charge of a fast rescue boat in emergency situations.

7 - Training and experience to achieve the necessary level of theoretical knowledge, understanding and proficiency shall take account of the guidance given in part B of this Code.

8 - Every candidate for certification shall be required to provide evidence of having achieved the required standard of competence within the previous five years through:

1) Demonstration of competence to undertake the tasks, duties and responsibilities listed in column 1 of table A-VI/2-2, in accordance with the methods for demonstrating competence and the criteria for evaluating competence tabulated in columns 3 and 4 of that table; and

2) Examination or continuous assessment as part of an approved training programme covering the material set out in column 2 of table A-VI/2-2.

TABLE A-VI/2-1

Specification of the minimum standard of competence in survival craft and rescue boats other than fast rescue boats

(ver tabela no documento original)

TABLE A-VI/2-2

Specification of the minimum standard of competence in fast rescue boats

(ver tabela no documento original)

SECTION A-VI/3

Mandatory minimum training in advanced fire-fighting

Standard of competence

1 - Seafarers designated to control fire-fighting operations shall have successfully completed advanced training in techniques for fighting fire, with particular emphasis on organization, tactics and command, and shall be required to demonstrate competence to undertake the tasks, duties and responsibilities listed in column 1 of table A-VI/3.

2 - The level of knowledge and understanding of the subjects listed in column 2 of table A-VI/3 shall be sufficient for the effective control of fire-fighting operations on board ship.

3 - Training and experience to achieve the necessary level of theoretical knowledge, understanding and proficiency shall take account of the guidance given in part B of this Code.

4 - Every candidate for certification shall be required to provide evidence of having achieved the required standard of competence within the previous five years, in accordance with the methods for demonstrating competence and the criteria for evaluating competence tabulated in colums 3 and 4 of table A-VI/3.

TABLE A-VI/3

Specification of minimum standard of competence in advanced fire-fighting

(ver tabela no documento original)

SECTION A-VI/4

Mandatory minimum requirements related to medical first aid and medical care

Standard of competence for seafarers designated to provide medical first aid on board ship

1 - Every seafarer who is designated to provide medical first aid on board ship shall be required to demonstrate the competence to undertake the tasks, duties and responsibilities listed in column 1 of table A-VI/4-1.

2 - The level of knowledge of the subjects listed in column 2 of table A-VI/4-1 shall be sufficient to enable the designated seafarer to take immediate effective action in the case of accidents or illness likely to occur on board ship.

3 - Every candidate for certification under the provisions of regulation VI/4, paragraph 1, shall be required to provide evidence that the required standard of competence has been achieved in accordance with the methods for demonstrating competence and the criteria for evaluating competence tabulated in columns 3 and 4 of table A-VI/4-1.

Standard of competence for seafarers designated to take charge of medical care on board ship

4 - Every seafarer who is designated to take charge of medical care on board ship shall be required to demonstrate the competence to undertake the tasks, duties and responsibilities listed in column 1 of table A-VI/4-2.

5 - The level of knowledge of the subjects listed in column 2 of table A-VI/4-2 shall be sufficient to enable the designated seafarer to take immediate effective action in the case of accidents or illness likely to occur on board ship.

6 - Every candidate for certification under the provisions of regulation VI/4, paragraph 2, shall be required to provide evidence that the required standard of competence has been achieved in accordance with the methods for demonstrating competence and the criteria for evaluating competence tabulated in columns 3 and 4 of table A-VI/4-2.

TABLE A-VI/4-1

Specification of minimum standard of proficiency in medical first aid

(ver tabela no documento original)

TABLE A-VI/4-2

Specification of minimum standard of proficiency for persons in charge of medical care on board ship

(ver tabela no documento original)

CHAPTER VII

Standards regarding alternative certification

SECTION A-VII/1

Issue of alternative certificates

1 - Every candidate for certification at the operational level under the provisions of chapter VII of the annex to the Convention shall be required to complete relevant education and training and meet the standard of competence for all the functions prescribed in either table A-II/1 or table A-III/1. Functions specified in tables A-II/1 or A-III/1 respectively may be added provided the candidate completes, as appropriate, additional relevant education and training and meets the standards of competence prescribed in those tables for the functions concerned.

2 - Every candidate for certification at the management level as the person having command of a ship of 500 gross tonnage or more, or the person upon whom the command of such a ship will fall in the event of the incapacity of the person in command, shall be required in addition to compliance with the standard of competence specified in table A-II/1 to complete relevant education and training and meet the standards of competence for all of the functions prescribed in table A-II/2. Functions specified in the tables of chapter III of this part may be added provided the candidate completes, as appropriate, additional relevant education and training and meets the standards of competence prescribed in those tables for the functions concerned.

3 - Every candidate for certification at the management level as the person responsible for the mechanical propulsion of a ship powered by main propulsion machinery of 750 kW or more, or the person upon whom such responsibility will fall in the event of the incapacity of the person responsible for the mechanical propulsion of the ship, shall be required, in addition to compliance with the standard of competence specified in -table A-III/1, to complete relevant education and training and meet the standards of competence for all of the functions prescribed in table A-III/2, as appropriate. Functions specified in the tables of chapter II of this part may be added provided the candidate completes, as appropriate, additional relevant education and training and meets the standards of competence prescribed in those tables for the functions concerned.

4 - Every candidate for certification at the support level in navigation or marine engineering shall comply with the standard of competence prescribed in table A-II/4 or A-III/4 of this part, as appropriate.

SECTION A-VII/2

Certification of seafarers

1 - In accordance with the requirements of regulation VII/1, subparagraph 1.3), every candidate for certification under the provisions of chapter VII at operational level in functions specified in tables A-II/1 or A-III/1 shall:

1) Have approved seagoing service of not less than one year, which service shall include a period of at least six months performing engine-room duties under the supervision of a qualified engineer officer and, where the function of navigation is required, a period of at least six months performing bridge watchkeeping duties under the supervision of a qualified bridge watchkeeping officer; and

2) Have completed, during this service, on-board training programmes approved as meeting the relevant requirements of sections A-II/1 and A-III/1 and documented in an approved training record book.

2 - Every candidate for certification under the provisions of chapter VII at the management level in a combination of functions specified in tables A-II/2 and A-III/2, shall have approved seagoing service related to the functions to be shown in the endorsement to the certificate as follows:

1) For persons other than those having command or responsibility for the mechanical propulsion of a ship - 12 months performing duties at the operational level related to regulations III/2 or III/3 as appropriate and, where the function of navigation at the management level is required, at least 12 months performing bridge watchkeeping duties at the operational level;

2) For those having command or the responsibility for the mechanical propulsion of a ship - not less than 48 months including the provisions in subparagraph 2.1) of this section performing, as a certificated officer, duties related to the functions to be shown in the endorsement to the certificate, of which 24 months shall be served performing functions set out in table A-II/1 and 24 months shall be served performing functions set out in tables A-III/1 and A-III/2.

SECTION A-VII/3

Principles governing the issue of alternative certificates

(No provisions.)

CHAPTER VIII

Standards regarding watchkeeping

SECTION A-VIII/1

Fitness for duty

1 - All persons who are assigned duty as officer in charge of a watch or as a rating forming part of a watch shall be provided a minimum of 10 hours of rest in any 24-hour period.

2 - The hours of rest may be divided into no more than two periods, one of which shall be at least six hours in length.

3 - The requirements for rest periods laid down in paragraphs 1 and 2 need not be maintained in the case of an emergency or drill or in other overriding operational conditions.

4 - Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, the minimum period of 10 hours may be reduced to not less than 6 consecutive hours provided that any such reduction shall not extend beyond two days and not less than 70 hours of rest are provided each sevenday period.

5 - Administrations shall require that watch schedules be posted where they are easily accessible.

SECTION A-VIII/2

Watchkeeping arrangements and principles to be observed

Part 1

Certification

1 - The officer in charge of the navigational or deck watch shall be duly qualified in accordance with the provisions of chapter II, or chapter VII apropriate to the duties related to navigational or deck watchkeeping.

2 - The officer in charge of the engineering watch shall be duly qualified in accordance with the provisions of chapter III, or chapter VII appropriate to the duties related to engineering watchkeeping.

Part 2

Voyage planning

General requirements

3 - The intended voyage shall be planned in advance taking into consideration all pertinent information and any course laid down shall be checked before the voyage commences.

4 - The chief engineer officer shall, in consultation with the master, determine in advance the needs of the intended voyage, taking into consideration the requirements for fuel, water, lubricants, chemicals, expendable and other spare parts, tools, supplies and any other requirements.

Planning prior to each voyage

5 - Prior to each voyage the master of every ship shall ensure that the intended route from the port of departure to the first port of call is planned using adequate and appropriate charts and other nautical publications necessary for the intended voyage, containing accurate, complete and up-to-date information regarding those navigational limitations and hazards which are of a permanent or predictable nature, and which are relevant to the safe navigation of the ship.

Verification and display of planned route

6 - When the route planning is verified taking into consideration all pertinent information, the planned route shall be clearly displayed on appropriate charts, and shall be continuosly available to the officer in charge of the watch who shall verify each course to be followed prior to using it during the voyage.

Deviation from planned route

7 - If a decision is made, during a voyage, to change the next port of call of the planned route, or if it is necessary for the ship to deviate substantially from the planned route for other reasons, then an amended route shall be planned prior to deviating substantially from the route originally planned.

Part 3

Watchkeeping at sea

Principles applying to watchkeeping generally

8 - Parties shall direct the attention of companies, masters, chief engineer officers and watchkeeping personnel to the following principles which shall be observed to ensure that safe watches are maintained at all times.

9 - The master of every ship is bound to ensure that watchkeeping arrangements are adequate for maintaining a safe navigational watch. Under the master's general direction, the officers of the navigational watch are responsible for navigation the ship safely during their periods of duty, when they will be particularly concerned with avoiding collision and stranding.

10 - The chief engineer officer of every ship is bound, in consultation with the master, to ensure that watchkeeping arrangements are adequate to maintain a safe engineering watch.

Protection of marine environment

11 - The master, officers and ratings shall be aware of the serious effects of operational or accidental pollution of the marine environment and shall take all possible precautions to prevent such pollution, particularly within the framework of relevant international and port regulations.

Part 3.1

Principles to be observed in keeping a navigational watch

12 - The officer in charge of the navigational watch is the master's representative and is primarily respons-ible at all times for the safe navigation of the ship and for complying with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972.

Look-out

13 - A proper look-out shall be maintained at all times in compliance with rule 5 of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972, and shall serve the purpose of:

1) Maintaining a continuous state of vigilance by sight and hearing as well as by all other available means, with regard to any significant change in the operating environment;

2) Fully appraising the situation and the risk of collision, stranding and other dangers to navigation; and

3) Detecting ships or aircraft in distress, shipwrecked persons, wrecks, debris and other hazards to safe navigation.

14 - The look-out must be able to give full attention to the keeping of a proper look-out and no other duties shall be undertaken or assigned which could interfere with that task.

15 - The duties of the look-out and helmsperson are separate and the helmsperson shall not be considered to be the look-out while steering, except in small ships where an unobstructed all-round view is provided at the steering position and there is no impairment of night vision or other impediment to the keeping of a proper look-out. The officer in charge of the navigational watch may be the sole look-out in daylight provided that on each such occasion:

1) The situation has been carefully assessed and it has been established without doubt that it is safe to do so;

2) Full account has been taken of all relevant factors including, but not limited to:

State of weather;

Visibility;

Traffic density;

Proximity of dangers to navigation; and

The attention necessary when navigating in or near traffic separation schemes; and

3) Assistance is immediately available to be summoned to the bridge when any change in the situation so requires.

16 - In determining that the composition of the navigational watch is adequate to ensure that a proper -look-out can continuosly be maintained, the master shall take into account all relevant factors, including those described in this section of the Code, as well as the following factors:

1) Visibility, state of weather and sea;

2) Traffic density, and other activities occurring in the area in which the vessel is navigating;

3) The attention necessary when navigating in or near traffic separation schemes or other routeing measures;

4) The additional workload caused by the nature of the ship's functions, immediate operating requirements and anticipated manoeuvres;

5) The fitness for duty of any crew members on call who are assigned as members of the watch;

6) Knowledge of and confidence in the professional competence of the ship's officers and crew;

7) The experience of each officer of the navigational watch, and the familiarity of that officer with the ship's equipment, procedures, and manoeuvring capability;

8) Activities taking place on board the ship at any particular time, including radiocommunication activities and the availability of assistance to be summoned immediately to the bridge when necessary;

9) The operational status of bridge instrumentation and controls, including alarm systems;

10) Rudder and propeller control and ship manoeuvring characteristics;

11) The size of the ship and the field of vision available from the conning position;

12) The configuration of the bridge, to the extent such configuration might inhibit a member of the watch from detecting by sight or hearing any external development; and

13) Any other relevant standard, procedure or guidance relating to watchkeeping arrangements and fitness for duty which has been adopted by the Organization.

Watch arrangements

17 - When deciding the composition of the watch on the bridge, which may include appropriately qualified ratings, the following factors, inter alia, shall be taken into account:

1) At no time shall the bridge be left unattended;

2) Weather conditions, visibility and whether there is daylight or darkness;

3) Proximity of navigational hazards which may make it necessary for the officer in charge of the watch to carry out additional navigational duties;

4) Use and operational condition of navigational aids such as radar or electronic position-indicating devices and any other equipment affecting the safe navigation of the ship;

5) Whether the ship is fitted with automatic steering;

6) Whether there are radio duties to be performed;

7) Unmanned machinery space (UMS) controls, alarms and indicators provided on the bridge, procedures for their use and limitations; and

8) Any unusual demands on the navigational watch that may arise as a result of special operational circumstances.

Taking over the watch

18 - The officer in charge of the navigational watch shall not hand over the watch to the relieving officer if there is reason to believe that the latter is not capable of carrying out the watchkeeping duties effectively, in which case the master shall be notified.

19 - The relieving officer shall ensure that the members of the relieving watch are fully capable of performing their duties, particularly as regards their adjustment to night vision. Relieving officers shall not take over the watch until their vision is fully adjusted to the light conditions.

20 - Prior to taking over the watch relieving officers shall satisfy themselves as to the ship's estimated or true position and confirm its intended track, course and speed, and UMS controls as appropriate and shall note any dangers to navigation expected to be encountered during their watch.

21 - Relieving officers shall personally satisfy themselves regarding the:

1) Standing orders and other special instructions of the master relating to navigation of the ship;

2) Position, course, speed and draught of the ship;

3) Prevailing and predicted tides, currents, weather, visibility and the effect of these factors upon course and speed;

4) Procedures for the use of main engines to manoeuvre when the main engines are on bridge control; and

5) Navigational situation, including but not limited to:

5.1) The operational condition of all navigational and safety equipment being used or likely to be used during the watch;

5.2) The errors of gyro and magnetic compasses;

5.3) The presence and movement of ships in sight or known to be in the vicinity;

5.4) The conditions and hazards likely to be encountered during the watch; and

5.5) The possible effects of heel, trim, water density and squat on under keel clearance.

22 - If at any time the officer in charge of the navigational watch is to be relieved when a manoeuvre or other action to avoid any hazard is taking place, the relief of that officer shall be deferred until such action has been completed.

Performing the navigational watch

23 - The officer in charge of the navigational watch shall:

1) Keep the watch on the bridge;

2) In no circumstances leave the bridge until properly relieved;

3) Continue to be responsible for the safe navigation of the ship, despite the presence of the master on the bridge, until informed specifically that the master has assumed that responsibility and this is mutually understood; and

4) Notify the master when in any doubt as to what action to take in the interest of safety.

24 - During the watch the course steered, position and speed shall be checked at sufficiently frequent intervals, using any available navigational aids necessary, to ensure that the ship follows the planned course.

25 - The officer in charge of the navigational watch shall have full knowledge of the location and operation of all safety and navigational equipment on board the ship and shall be aware and take account of the operating limitations of such equipment.

26 - The officer in charge of the navigational watch shall not be assigned or undertake any duties which would interfere with the safe navigation of the ship.

27 - Officers of the navigational watch shall make the most effective use of all navigational equipment at their disposal.

28 - When using radar, the officer in charge of the navigational watch shall bear in mind the necessity to comply at all times with the provisions on the use of radar contained in the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, in force.

29 - In cases of need the officer in charge of the navigational watch shall not hesitate to use the helm, engines and sound signalling apparatus. However, timely notice of intended variations of engine speed shall be given where possible or effective use made of UMS engine controls provided on the bridge in accordance with the applicable procedures.

30 - Officers of the navigational watch shall know the handling characteristics of their ship, including its stopping distances, and should appreciate that other ships may have different handling characteristics.

31 - A proper record shall be kept during the watch of the movements and activities relating to the navigation of the ship.

32 - It is of special importance that at all times the officer in charge of the navigational watch ensures that a proper look-out is maintained. In a ship with a separate chart room the officer in charge of the navigational watch may visit the chart room, when essential, for a short period for the necessary performance of navigational duties, but shall first ensure that it is safe to do so and that proper look-out is maintained.

33 - Operational tests of shipboard navigational equipment shall be carried out at sea as frequently as practicable and as circumstances permit, in particular before hazardous conditions affecting navigation are expected. Whenever appropriate, these tests shall be recorded. Such tests shall also be carried out prior to port arrival and departure.

34 - The officer in charge of the navigational watch shall make regular checks to ensure that:

1) The person steering the ship or the automatic pilot is steering the correct course;

2) The standard compass error is determined at least once a watch and, when possible, after any major alteration of course; the standard and gyro-compasses are frequently compared and repeaters are synchronized with their master compass;

3) The automatic pilot is tested manually at least once a watch;

4) The navigation and signal lights and other navigational equipment are functioning properly;

5) The radio equipment is functioning properly in accordance with paragraph 86 of this section; and

6) The UMS controls, alarms and indicators are functioning properly.

35 - The officer in charge of the navigational watch shall bear in mind the necessity to comply at all times with the requirements in force of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974.

The officer of the navigational watch shall take into account:

1) The need to station a person to steer the ship and to put the steering into manual control in good time to allow any potentially hazardous situation to be dealt with in a safe manner; and

2) That with a ship under automatic steering it is highly dangerous to allow a situation to develop to the point where the officer in charge of the navigational watch is without assistance and has to break the continuity of the look-out in order to take emergency action.

36 - Officers of the navigational watch shall be throughly familiar with the use of all electronic navigational aids carried, including their capabilities and limitations, and shall use each of these aids when appropriate and shall bear in mind that the echo-sounder is a valuable navigational aid.

37 - The officer in charge of the navigational watch shall use the radar whenever restricted visibility is encountered or expected, and at all times in congested waters having due regard to its limitations.

38 - The officer in charge of the navigational watch shall ensure that range scales employed are changed at sufficiently frequent intervals so that echoes are detected as early as possible. It shall be borne in mind that small or poor echoes may escape detection.

39 - Whenever radar is in use, the officer in charge of the navigational watch shall select an appropriate range scale and observe the display carefully, and shall ensure that plotting or systematic analysis is commenced in ample time.

40 - The officer in charge of the navigational watch shall notify the master immediately:

1) If restricted visibility is encountered or expected;

2) If the traffic conditions or the movements of other ships are causing concern;

3) If difficulty is experienced in maintaining course;

4) On failure to sight land, a navigation mark or to obtain soundings by the expected time;

5) If, unexpectedly, land or a navigation mark is sighted or a change in soundings occurs;

6) On breakdown of the engines, propulsion machinery remote control, steering gear or any essential navigational equipment, alarm or indicator;

7) If the radio equipment malfunctions;

8) In heavy weather, if in any doubt about the possibility of weather damage;

9) If the ship meets any hazard to navigation, such as ice or a derelict; and

10) In any other emergency or if in any doubt.

41 - Despite the requirement to notify the master immediately in the foregoing circumstances, the officer in charge of the navigational watch shall in addition not hesitate to take immediate action for the safety of the ship, where circumstances so require.

42 - The officer in charge of the navigational watch shall give watchkeeping personnel all appropriate instructions and information which will ensure the keeping of a safe watch, including a proper look-out.

Watchkeeping under different conditions and in different areas

Clear weather

43 - The officer in charge of the navigational watch shall take frequent and accurate compass bearings of approaching ships as a means of early detection of risk of collision and bear in mind that such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching a very large ship or a tow or when approaching a ship at close range. The officer in charge of the navigational watch shall also take early and positive action in compliance with the applicable International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972, and subsequently check that such action is having the desired effect.

44 - In clear weather, whenever possible, the officer in charge of the navigational watch shall carry out radar practice.

Restricted visibility

45 - When restricted visibility is encountered or expected, the first responsibility of the officer in charge of the navigational watch is to comply with the relevant rules of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972, with particular regard to the sounding of fog signals, proceeding at a safe speed and having the engines ready for immediate manoeuvre. In addition, the officer in charge of the navigational watch shall:

1) Inform the master;

2) Post a proper look-out;

3) Exhibit navigation lights; and

4) Operate and use the radar.

In hours of darkness

46 - The master and the officer in charge of the navigational watch when arranging look-out duty shall have due regard to the bridge equipment and navigational aids available for use, their limitations; procedures and safeguards implemented.

Coastal and congested waters

47 - The largest scale chart on board, suitable for the area and corrected with the latest available information, shall be used. Fixes shall be taken at frequent intervals, and shall be carried out by more than one method whenever circumstances allow.

48 - The officer in charge of the navigational watch shall positively identify all relevant navigation marks.

Navigation with pilot on board

49 - Despite the duties and obligations of pilots, their presence on board does not relieve the master or officer in charge of the navigational watch from their duties and obligations for the safety of the ship. The master and the pilot shall exchange information regarding navigation procedures, local conditions and the ship's characteristics. The master and/or the officer in charge of the navigational watch shall co-operate closely with the pilot and maintain an accurate check on the ship's position and movement.

50 - If in any doubt as to the pilot's actions or intentions, the officer in charge of the navigational watch shall seek clarification from the pilot and, if doubt still exists, shall notify the master immediately and take whatever action is necessary before the master arrives.

Ship at anchor

51 - If the master considers it necessary, a continuous navigational watch shall be maintained at anchor.

While at anchor, the officer in charge of the navigational watch shall:

1) Determine and plot the ship's position on the appropriate chart as soon as practicable;

2) When circumstances permit, check at sufficiently frequent intervals whether the ship is remaining securely at anchor by taking bearings of fixed navigation marks or readily identifiable shore objects;

3) Ensure that proper look-out is maintained;

4) Ensure that inspection rounds of the ship are made periodically;

5) Observe meteorological and tidal conditions and the state of the sea;

6) Notify the master and undertake all necessary measures if the ship drags anchor;

7) Ensure that the state of readiness of the main engines and other machinery is in accordance with the master's instructions;

8) If visibility deteriorates, notify the master;

9) Ensure that the ship exhibits the appropriate lights and shapes and that appropriate sound signals are made in accordance with all applicable regulations; and

10) Take measures to protect the environment from pollution by the ship and comply with applicable pollution regulations.

Part 3.2

Principles to be observed in keeping an engineering watch

52 - The term «engineering watch» as used in parts 3.2, 4.2 and 4.4 of this section means either a person or a group of personnel comprising the watch or a period of responsibility for an officer during which the physical presence in machinery spaces of that officer may or may not be required.

53 - The officer in charge of the engineering watch is the chief engineer officer's representative and is primarily responsible, at all times, for the safe and efficient operation and upkeep of machinery affecting the safety of the ship and is responsible for the inspection, operation and testing, as required, of all machinery and equipment under the responsibility of the engineering watch.

Watch arrangements

54 - The composition of the engineering watch shall, at all times, be adequate to ensure the safe operation of all machinery affecting the operation of the ship, in either automated or manual mode and be appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions.

55 - When deciding the composition of the engineering watch, which may include appropriately qualified ratings, the following criteria, inter alia, shall be taken into account:

1) The type of ship and the type and condition of the machinery;

2) The adequate supervision, at all times, of machinery affecting the safe operation of the ship;

3) Any special modes of operation dictated by conditions such as weather, ice, contaminated water, shallow water, emergency conditions, damage containment or pollution abatement;

4) The qualifications and experience of the engineering watch;

5) The safety of life, ship, cargo and port, and protection of the environment;

6) The observance of international, national and local regulations; and

7) Maintaining the normal operations of the ship.

Taking over the watch

56 - The officer in charge of the engineering watch shall not hand over the watch to the relieving officer if there is reason to believe that the latter is obviously not capable of carrying out the watchkeeping duties effectively, in which case the chief engineer officer shall be notified.

57 - The relieving officer of the engineering watch shall ensure that the members of the relieving engineering watch are apparently fully capable of performing their duties effectively.

58 - Prior to taking over the engineering watch, relieving officers shall satisfy themselves regarding at least the following:

1) The standing orders and special instructions of the chief engineer officer relating to the operation of the ship's systems and machinery;

2) The nature of all work being performed on machinery and systems, the personnel involved and potential hazards;

3) The level and, where applicable, the condition of water or residues in bilges, ballast tanks, slop tanks, reserve tanks, fresh water tanks, sewage tanks and any special requirements for use or disposal of the contents thereof;

4) The condition and level of fuel in the reserve tanks, settling tank, day tank and other fuel storage facilities;

5) Any special requirements relating to sanitary system disposals;

6) Condition and mode of operation of the various main and auxiliary systems, including the electrical power distribution system;

7) Where applicable, the condition of monitoring and control console equipment, and which equipment is being operated manually;

8) Where applicable, the condition and mode of operation of automatic boiler controls such as flame safeguard control systems, limit control systems, combustion control systems, fuel-supply control systems and other equipment related to the operation of steam boilers;

9) Any potentially adverse conditions resulting from bad weather, ice, contaminated or shallow water;

10) Any special modes of operation dictated by equipment failure or adverse ship conditions;

11) The reports of engine-room ratings relating to their assigned duties;

12) The availability of fire-fighting appliances; and

13) The state of completion of engine-room log.

Performing the engineering watch

59 - The officer in charge of the engineering watch shall ensure that the established watchkeeping arrangements are maintained and that under direction, engine-room ratings, if forming part of the engineering watch, assist in the safe and efficient operation of the propulsion machinery and auxiliary equipment.

60 - The officer in charge of the engineering watch shall continue to be responsible for machinery-space operations, despite the presence of the chief engineer officer in the machinery spaces, until specifically informed that the chief engineer officer has assumed that responsibility and this is mutually understood.

61 - All members of the engineering watch shall be familiar with their assigned watchkeeping duties. In addition, every member shall with-respect to the ship they are serving in have knowledge of:

1) The use of appropriate internal communication systems;

2) The escape routes from machinery spaces;

3) The engine-room alarm systems and be able to distinguish between the various alarms with special reference to the fire extinguishing media alarm; and

4) The number location and types of fire-fighting equipment and damage control gear in the machinery spaces, together with their use and the various safety precautions to be observed.

62 - Any machinery not functioning properly, expected to malfunction or requiring special service, shall be noted along with any action already taken. Plans shall be made for any further action if required.

63 - When the machinery spaces are in the manned condition, the officer in charge of the engineering watch shall at all times be readily capable of operating the propulsion equipment in response to needs for changes in direction or speed.

64 - When the machinery spaces are in the periodic unmanned condition, the designated duty officer in charge of the engineering watch shall be immediately available and on call to attend the machinery spaces.

65 - All bridge orders shall be promptly executed. Changes in direction or speed of the main propulsion units shall be recorded, except where an Administration has determined that the size or characteristics of a particular ship make such recording impracticable. The officer in charge of the engineering watch shall ensure that the main propulsion unit controls, when in the manual mode of operation, are continuously attended under stand-by or manoeuvring conditions.

66 - Due attention shall be paid to the ongoing maintenance and support of all machinery, including mechanical, electrical, electronic, hydraulic and pneumatic systems, their control apparatus and associated safety equipment, all accommodation service systems equipment and the recording of stores and spare gear usage.